Variable | Univariate analysis | Adjusted analysis | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta coefficient | 95% CI | p - value | Beta coefficient | 95% CI | p - value | |||
LL | UL | LL | UL | |||||
Fixed – effect parameters | ||||||||
Type of family | ||||||||
Joint | Ra | R | 0.828 | |||||
Nuclear | −0.90 | − 2.18 | 0.38 | 0.168 | −0.12 | − 1.29 | 1.03 | |
Type of Residence | ||||||||
Urban | R | R | 0.033 | |||||
Rural | −5.08 | −6.47 | − 3.68 | <0.001 | −2.79 | − 5.34 | −0.22 | |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | R | R | 0.032 | |||||
Female | −2.76 | −4.05 | −1.47 | <0.001 | − 1.51 | − 2.89 | −0.13 | |
Residence Ownership | ||||||||
Owner | R | R | 0.980 | |||||
Not owner | 1.32 | −0.84 | 3.50 | 0.231 | −0.02 | −2.15 | 2.10 | |
Age (decade) | −0.11 | −0.16 | − 0.06 | <0.001 | − 0.08 | −0.14 | − 0.02 | 0.004 |
Marital Status | ||||||||
Married | R | R | 0.030 | |||||
Widow | −11.52 | −15.30 | −7.731 | <0.001 | −5.51 | −9.04 | − 1.98 | |
Divorced | 7.50 | .4.28 | 19.29 | 0.212 | 6.30 | −4.09 | 16.71 | |
Separated | 1.55 | −9.36 | 12.47 | 0.780 | −1.51 | −11.13 | 8.10 | |
Never married | 1.48 | −0.21 | 3.18 | 0.087 | 0.18 | −1.57 | 1.94 | |
Education | ||||||||
No Education | −7.80 | −10.42 | −5.19 | <0.001 | −2.84 | −5.52 | −0.16 | <0.001 |
Madressa | −0.71 | −5.43 | 4.00 | 0.767 | 1.51 | −2.90 | 5.94 | |
Can read/write | −5.38 | −8.23 | −2.53 | <0.001 | −1.29 | −4.09 | 1.49 | |
Primary | −1.56 | −3.92 | 0.800 | 0.195 | 0.00 | −2.29 | 2.29 | |
Secondary | 1.20 | −1.14 | 3.56 | 0.314 | 1.57 | −.66 | 3.79 | |
Tertiary | R | R | ||||||
Disease | ||||||||
Physical disability | −7.67 | −13.21 | −2.13 | 0.007 | −6.34 | −11.29 | −1.39 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | −3.71 | −6.23 | −1.18 | 0.004 | −2.37 | −4.97 | 0.22 | |
Diabetes | −7.66 | −11.57 | −3.74 | <0.001 | −5.45 | −9.17 | −1.73 | |
Other | −3.51 | −4.87 | −2.16 | <0.001 | −3.29 | −4.99 | −1.59 | |
None | R | R | ||||||
Employment status | ||||||||
Working | R | R | 0.013 | |||||
Not Working | −3.19 | −4.52 | −1.88 | <0.001 | −2.12 | − 3.53 | −0.70 | |
Retired | −2.90 | −6.06 | 0.27 | 0.073 | −1.20 | −4.09 | 1.67 | |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
High | R | R | < 0.001 | |||||
Average | −3.22 | −4.72 | −1.71 | <0.001 | −2.43 | − 3.92 | − 0.94 | |
Low | −10.04 | −11.55 | −8.53 | <0.001 | −7.84 | −9.51 | −6.19 | |
Social capital | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.084 | 0.17 | <0.001 |
Random – effect parameters | ||||||||
Estimate | Std. Err | 95% confidence interval | ||||||
LL | UL | |||||||
Level 1: Union council | ||||||||
Sex | – | 1.08 | 0.69 | 0.30 | 3.82 | |||
Age | – | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 5.61 | |||
Social Capital | – | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.09 | |||
Constant | – | 0.72 | 4.32 | 5.57 | 9.22 | |||
Level 2: Cluster number | ||||||||
Constant | – | 3.94 | 0.49 | 3.08 | 5.03 | |||
Residual | – | 12.59 | 0.21 | 12.18 | 13.00 |