Table 1 Participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by gender
Variable | 50 and older | 65 and older | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Male | Female | p-value | Total | Male | Female | p-value | |
Number of chronic conditions | ||||||||
0 | 46.6 (0.9) | 52.4 (1.2) | 41.5 (1.1) | < 0.0001 | 32.9 (1.2) | 38.7 (1.7) | 28.7 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 26.6 (0.7) | 27.2 (1.1) | 26.1 (0.9) | 29.2 (1.1) | 32.9 (1.6) | 26.5 (1.3) | ||
2 | 15.7 (0.6) | 12.7 (0.8) | 18.4 (0.8) | 20.3 (0.9) | 17.4 (1.2) | 22.4 (1.2) | ||
3 | 7.0 (0.4) | 5.1 (0.5) | 8.7 (0.6) | 10.8 (0.7) | 7.3 (0.9) | 13.2 (1.0) | ||
4+ | 4.0 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 9.1 (0.9) | ||
EQ-5D index score | 0.89 (0.89–0.90) | 0.93 (0.92–0.93) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) | < 0.0001 | 0.83 (0.82–0.84) | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 0.79 (0.78–0.81) | < 0.0001 |
Current marital status | ||||||||
Married | 76.8 (0.8) | 88.5 (0.9) | 66.5 (1.0) | < 0.0001 | 62.1 (1.2) | 88.1 (1.1) | 43.7 (1.4) | < 0.0001 |
Unmarried | 23.2 (0.8) | 11.5 (0.9) | 33.5 (1.0) | 37.9 (1.2) | 11.9 (1.1) | 56.3 (1.4) | ||
Educationa | ||||||||
High | 17.8 (0.9) | 26.8 (1.3) | 10.1 (0.8) | < 0.0001 | 15.7 (1.0) | 28.0 (1.7) | 6.8 (0.8) | < 0.0001 |
Low | 82.2 (0.9) | 73.2 (1.3) | 89.9 (0.8) | 84.3 (1.0) | 72.0 (1.7) | 93.2 (0.8) | ||
Household incomeb | ||||||||
Quartile 4 | 23.8 (1.1) | 26.3 (1.3) | 21.6 (1.1) | < 0.0001 | 9.9 (0.8) | 11.9 (1.2) | 8.4 (0.9) | < 0.0001 |
Quartile 3 | 22.3 (0.8) | 24.6 (1.0) | 20.3 (0.9) | 13.2 (0.9) | 15.3 (1.2) | 11.7 (1.0) | ||
Quartile 2 | 25.8 (0.9) | 26.6 (1.1) | 25.1 (1.0) | 25.9 (1.2) | 29.0 (1.6) | 23.7 (1.2) | ||
Quartile 1 | 28.1 (1.1) | 22.5 (1.1) | 33.0 (1.3) | 51.0 (1.6) | 43.7 (1.9) | 56.2 (1.7) | ||
Basic livelihood security recipients | ||||||||
No | 94.6 (0.6) | 95.5 (0.7) | 93.9 (0.7) | 0.01 | 91.5 (1.0) | 94.0 (1.0) | 89.7 (1.2) | 0.0004 |
Yes | 5.4 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.7) | 8.5 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.0) | 10.3 (1.2) | ||
Occupation | ||||||||
White-collar | 10.9 (0.7) | 17.1 (1.1) | 5.5 (0.5) | < 0.0001 | 2.9 (0.4) | 6.0 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.2) | < 0.0001 |
Blue-collar | 42.3 (1.0) | 50.3 (1.5) | 35.4 (1.1) | 27.3 (1.2) | 33.1 (1.9) | 23.1 (1.3) | ||
Unemployed | 46.8 (1.0) | 32.5 (1.3) | 59.1 (1.1) | 69.8 (1.3) | 60.9 (1.9) | 76.2 (1.3) | ||