Table 2 Bivariate analysis between the factors and the OHIP-14
From: The factors that influence oral health-related quality of life in young adults
N | Functional limitation | Physical pain | Psychological discomfort | Physical disability | Psychological disability | Social disability | Handicap | OHIP total score | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | ||
Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | 165 | 0.40 (0.875) | 0.00 (0) | 0.222 | 1.16 (1.181) | 1.00 (2) | 0.979 | 1.09 (1.383) | 0.00 (2) | 0.692 | 0.44 (0.879) | 0.00 (1) | 0.612 | 0.84 (1.256) | 0.00 (1) | 0.880 | 0.28 (0.731) | 0.00 (0) | 0.574 | 0.28 (0.721) | 0.00 (0) | 0.663 | 4.49 (5.176) | 3.00 (5) | 0.872 |
M | 135 | 0.47 (0.845) | 0.00 (1) | 1.15 (1.149) | 1.00 (2) | 0.90 (1.036) | 1.00 (2) | 0.45 (0.808) | 0.00 (1) | 0.70 (0.947) | 0.00 (1) | 0.29 (0.645) | 0.00 (0) | 0.26 (0.634) | 0.00 (0) | 4.22 (4.270) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
Total | 300 | 0.43 (0.861) | 0.00 (0) | 1.16 (1.165) | 1.00 (2) | 1.01 (1.240) | 1.00 (2) | 0.44 (0.846) | 0.00 (1) | 0.78 (1.127) | 0.00 (1) | 0.29 (0.692) | 0.00 (0) | 0.27 (0.682) | 0.00 (0) | 4.37 (4.784) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
Father’s education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary school graduate or below | 48 | 0.77 (1.115) | 0.00 (2) | 0.008** | 1.40 (1.180) | 1.00 (2) | 0.207 | 1.38 (1.282) | 1.00 (2) | 0.031* | 0.63 (1.104) | 0.00 (1) | 0.264 | 0.75 (0.978) | 0.00 (1) | 0.061 | 0.29 (0.798) | 0.00 (0) | 0.952 | 0.23 (0.592) | 0.00 (0) | 0.978 | 5.44 (5.539) | 3.50 (7) | 0.159 |
Secondary school graduate or below | 208 | 0.34 (0.770) | 0.00 (0) | 1.12 (1.140) | 1.00 (2) | 0.96 (1.231) | 0.00 (2) | 0.37 (0.703) | 0.00 (1) | 0.85 (1.184) | 0.00 (2) | 0.28 (0.668) | 0.00 (0) | 0.28 (0.723) | 0.00 (0) | 4.20 (4.533) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
College graduate or above | 44 | 0.48 (0.876) | 0.00 (1) | 1.09 (1.254) | 1.00 (2) | 0.82 (1.187) | 0.00 (1) | 0.61 (1.083) | 0.00 (1) | 0.45 (0.951) | 0.00 (1) | 0.30 (0.701) | 0.00 (0) | 0.25 (0.576) | 0.00 (0) | 4.00 (5.012) | 2.00 (5) | ||||||||
Mother’s education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary school graduate or below | 45 | 0.60 (0.939) | 0.00 (1) | 0.193 | 1.38 (1.230) | 1.00 (2) | 0.005** | 1.09 (1.311) | 1.00 (2) | 0.540 | 0.33 (0.674) | 0.00 (1) | 0.370 | 0.76 (1.004) | 0.00 (1) | 0.323 | 0.22 (0.670) | 0.00 (0) | 0.376 | 0.13 (0.505) | 0.00 (0) | 0.114 | 4.51 (4.655) | 3.00 (5) | 0.079 |
Secondary school graduate or below | 224 | 0.41 (0.863) | 0.00 (0) | 1.19 (1.165) | 1.00 (2) | 1.02 (1.247) | 1.00 (2) | 0.49 (0.903) | 0.00 (1) | 0.83 (1.191) | 0.00 (1) | 0.32 (0.717) | 0.00 (0) | 0.31 (0.728) | 0.00 (0) | 4.57 (4.943) | 3.00 (6) | ||||||||
College graduate or above | 31 | 0.35 (0.709) | 0.00 (0) | 0.58 (0.886) | 0.00 (1) | 0.77 (1.087) | 0.00 (2) | 0.26 (0.575) | 0.00 (0) | 0.45 (0.723) | 0.00 (1) | 0.16 (0.523) | 0.00 (0) | 0.16 (0.523) | 0.00 (0) | 2.74 (3.406) | 2.00 (4) | ||||||||
Household income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
below HK$10,000 | 24 | 0.38 (0.824) | 0.00 (0) | 0.475 | 1.54 (1.351) | 1.00 (2) | 0.005** | 1.29 (1.334) | 1.00 (3) | 0.011* | 0.29 (0.690) | 0.00 (0) | 0.661 | 0.83 (1.129) | 0.00 (2) | 0.003** | 0.33 (0.761) | 0.00 (0) | 0.660 | 0.21 (0.509) | 0.00 (0) | 0.190 | 4.88 (4.911) | 3.00 (7) | 0.004** |
HK$10,001-HK$20,000 | 170 | 0.47 (0.905) | 0.00 (1) | 1.22 (1.175) | 1.00 (2) | 1.14 (1.316) | 1.00 (2) | 0.49 (0.885) | 0.00 (1) | 0.89 (1.214) | 0.00 (1) | 0.32 (0.757) | 0.00 (0) | 0.31 (0.730) | 0.00 (0) | 4.84 (5.120) | 3.00 (6) | ||||||||
HK$20,001-HK$30,000 | 49 | 0.51 (0.916) | 0.00 (1) | 1.20 (1.099) | 1.00 (2) | 0.98 (1.164) | 1.00 (2) | 0.41 (0.674) | 0.00 (1) | 0.92 (1.152) | 0.00 (2) | 0.24 (0.596) | 0.00 (0) | 0.31 (0.822) | 0.00 (0) | 4.57 (4.500) | 3.00 (6) | ||||||||
HK$30,001-HK$40,000 | 26 | 0.31 (0.788) | 0.00 (0) | 1.04 (1.113) | 1.00 (2) | 0.50 (0.906) | 0.00 (1) | 0.42 (0.987) | 0.00 (0) | 0.46 (0.761) | 0.00 (1) | 0.35 (0.689) | 0.00 (0) | 0.31 (0.549) | 0.00 (1) | 3.38 (4.177) | 2.00 (6) | ||||||||
Over HK$40,001 | 31 | 0.23 (0.560) | 0.00 (0) | 0.52 (0.890) | 0.00 (1) | 0.52 (0.851) | 0.00 (1) | 0.35 (0.877) | 0.00 (0) | 0.16 (0.454) | 0.00 (0) | 0.10 (0.301) | 0.00 (0) | 0.03 (0.180) | 0.00 (0) | 1.90 (2.508) | 1.00 (3) | ||||||||
Periodontal status | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPI score = 0 | 16 | 0.25 (0.577) | 0.00 (0) | 0.515 | 0.94 (1.181) | 0.50 (2) | 0.374 | 0.38 (0.500) | 0.00 (1) | 0.059 | 0.44 (0.629) | 0.00 (1) | 0.522 | 0.69 (0.946) | 0.00 (2) | 0.836 | 0.19 (0.544) | 0.00 (0) | 0.573 | 0.25 (0.577) | 0.00 (0) | 0.886 | 3.13 (3.612) | 3.00 (6) | 0.249 |
CPI score > 0 | 284 | 0.44 (0.874) | 0.00 (0) | 1.17 (1.165) | 1.00 (2) | 1.04 (1.260) | 1.00 (2) | 0.44 (0.858) | 0.00 (1) | 0.78 (1.138) | 0.00 (1) | 0.29 (0.700) | 0.00 (0) | 0.27 (0.688) | 0.00 (0) | 4.44 (4.837) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
CPI score < 2 | 21 | 0.29 (0.644) | 0.00 (0) | 0.515 | 0.95 (1.203) | 0.00 (2) | 0.319 | 0.52 (0.680) | 0.00 (1) | 0.123 | 0.33 (0.577) | 0.00 (1) | 0.904 | 0.71 (0.902) | 0.00 (2) | 0.955 | 0.24 (0.539) | 0.00 (0) | 0.953 | 0.24 (0.539) | 0.00 (0) | 0.864 | 3.29 (3.608) | 3.00 (6) | 0.284 |
CPI score > =2 | 279 | 0.44 (0.875) | 0.00 (0) | 1.17 (1.163) | 1.00 (2) | 1.04 (1.266) | 1.00 (2) | 0.45 (0.863) | 0.00 (1) | 0.78 (1.144) | 0.00 (1) | 0.29 (0.703) | 0.00 (0) | 0.27 (0.692) | 0.00 (0) | 4.45 (4.856) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
Caries experience | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
DMFT = 0 | 123 | 0.50 (0.909) | 0.00 (1) | 0.247 | 1.05 (1.193) | 1.00 (2) | 0.095 | 1.02 (1.248) | 1.00 (2) | 0.871 | 0.52 (0.961) | 0.00 (1) | 0.399 | 0.79 (1.216) | 0.00 (1) | 0.707 | 0.37 (0.793) | 0.00 (0) | 0.138 | 0.30 (0.689) | 0.00 (0) | 0.341 | 4.54 (5.231) | 2.00 (6) | 0.659 |
DMFT> 0 | 177 | 0.38 (0.825) | 0.00 (0) | 1.23 (1.142) | 1.00 (2) | 1.00 (1.239) | 0.00 (2) | 0.39 (0.754) | 0.00 (1) | 0.77 (1.065) | 0.00 (1) | 0.23 (0.608) | 0.00 (0) | 0.25 (0.679) | 0.00 (0) | 4.25 (4.458) | 3.00 (5) | ||||||||
< SiC Index value | 257 | 0.46 (0.901) | 0.00 (1) | 0.386 | 1.16 (1.149) | 1.00 (2) | 0.828 | 1.02 (1.253) | 1.00 (2) | 0.601 | 0.47 (0.888) | 0.00 (1) | 0.317 | 0.80 (1.157) | 0.00 (1) | 0.439 | 0.31 (0.720) | 0.00 (0) | 0.244 | 0.28 (0.667) | 0.00 (0) | 0.170 | 4.50 (4.948) | 3.00 (5) | 0.500 |
> =SiC Index value | 43 | 0.26 (0.539) | 0.00 (0) | 1.16 (1.271) | 1.00 (2) | 0.91 (1.171) | 0.00 (2) | 0.26 (0.492) | 0.00 (0) | 0.63 (0.926) | 0.00 (1) | 0.16 (0.485) | 0.00 (0) | 0.21 (0.773) | 0.00 (0) | 3.58 (3.594) | 3.00 (4) | ||||||||
IOTN (DHC) treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
No need | 161 | 0.35 (0.769) | 0.00 (0) | 0.213 | 1.07 (1.152) | 1.00 (2) | 0.189 | 0.82 (1.156) | 0.00 (2) | 0.005** | 0.46 (0.851) | 0.00 (1) | 0.722 | 0.60 (0.964) | 0.00 (1) | 0.018* | 0.27 (0.661) | 0.00 (0) | 0.971 | 0.25 (0.635) | 0.00 (0) | 0.709 | 3.82 (4.441) | 2.00 (5) | 0.073 |
Borderline need | 63 | 0.51 (0.931) | 0.00 (1) | 1.37 (1.222) | 2.00 (2) | 1.37 (1.286) | 1.00 (2) | 0.44 (0.963) | 0.00 (0) | 0.87 (1.100) | 0.00 (2) | 0.30 (0.775) | 0.00 (0) | 0.21 (0.600) | 0.00 (0) | 5.06 (5.127) | 3.00 (7) | ||||||||
Definite need | 76 | 0.54 (0.972) | 0.00 (1) | 1.17 (1.136) | 1.00 (2) | 1.11 (1.312) | 1.00 (2) | 0.41 (0.734) | 0.00 (1) | 1.08 (1.383) | 1.00 (2) | 0.30 (0.693) | 0.00 (0) | 0.36 (0.828) | 0.00 (0) | 4.96 (5.100) | 3.00 (6) | ||||||||
IOTN (AC) treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
No need | 241 | 0.39 (0.815) | 0.00 (0) | 0.250 | 1.18 (1.161) | 1.00 (2) | 0.149 | 0.93 (1.185) | 0.00 (2) | 0.004** | 0.43 (0.829) | 0.00 (1) | 0.828 | 0.71 (1.086) | 0.00 (1) | 0.011* | 0.27 (0.636) | 0.00 (0) | 0.407 | 0.23 (0.595) | 0.00 (0) | 0.586 | 4.15 (4.535) | 3.00 (5) | 0.039* |
Borderline need | 38 | 0.55 (1.058) | 0.00 (1) | 1.26 (1.245) | 1.00 (2) | 1.58 (1.348) | 1.50 (2) | 0.47 (0.951) | 0.00 (1) | 1.21 (1.234) | 1.00 (2) | 0.42 (0.858) | 0.00 (0) | 0.47 (1.033) | 0.00 (0) | 5.97 (5.450) | 4.00 (6) | ||||||||
Definite need | 21 | 0.67 (0.966) | 0.00 (2) | 0.71 (1.007) | 0.00 (1) | 0.81 (1.436) | 0.00 (2) | 0.52 (0.873) | 0.00 (1) | 0.71 (1.271) | 0.00 (1) | 0.29 (0.956) | 0.00 (0) | 0.33 (0.796) | 0.00 (0) | 4.05 (5.895) | 2.00 (5) | ||||||||
DAI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Normal or minor malocclusion | 129 | 0.29 (0.687) | 0.00 (0) | 0.0499* | 1.15 (1.200) | 1.00 (2) | 0.487 | 0.81 (1.097) | 0.00 (1) | 0.024* | 0.39 (0.721) | 0.00 (1) | 0.511 | 0.60 (0.955) | 0.00 (1) | 0.0500 | 0.26 (0.641) | 0.00 (0) | 0.363 | 0.23 (0.644) | 0.00 (0) | 0.136 | 3.72 (4.176) | 3.00 (4) | 0.051 |
Definite malocclusion | 92 | 0.52 (0.955) | 0.00 (1) | 1.08 (1.131) | 1.00 (2) | 1.02 (1.284) | 0.50 (2) | 0.47 (0.988) | 0.00 (0) | 0.79 (1.163) | 0.00 (1) | 0.26 (0.693) | 0.00 (0) | 0.21 (0.565) | 0.00 (0) | 4.35 (5.000) | 2.00 (6) | ||||||||
Severe and very severe (handicapping) malocclusion | 79 | 0.56 (0.971) | 0.00 (1) | 1.27 (1.151) | 1.00 (2) | 1.32 (1.354) | 1.00 (2) | 0.51 (0.860) | 0.00 (1) | 1.04 (1.295) | 1.00 (2) | 0.37 (0.771) | 0.00 (0) | 0.41 (0.840) | 0.00 (0) | 5.46 (5.296) | 4.00 (7) | ||||||||
ICON treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
No | 197 | 0.36 (0.760) | 0.00 (0) | 0.100 | 1.08 (1.129) | 1.00 (2) | 0.111 | 0.80 (1.132) | 0.00 (1) | 0.000** | 0.42 (0.827) | 0.00 (1) | 0.572 | 0.60 (0.998) | 0.00 (1) | 0.000** | 0.24 (0.616) | 0.00 (0) | 0.297 | 0.21 (0.602) | 0.00 (0) | 0.061 | 3.72 (4.279) | 2.00 (4) | 0.001** |
Yes | 103 | 0.57 (1.016) | 0.00 (1) | 1.31 (1.221) | 1.00 (2) | 1.40 (1.346) | 1.00 (2) | 0.49 (0.884) | 0.00 (1) | 1.11 (1.283) | 1.00 (2) | 0.37 (0.816) | 0.00 (0) | 0.38 (0.806) | 0.00 (0) | 5.62 (5.431) | 4.00 (6) | ||||||||
PAR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Almost ideal or Acceptable occlusion | 162 | 0.33 (0.738) | 0.00 (0) | 0.035* | 1.01 (1.089) | 1.00 (2) | 0.019* | 0.77 (1.076) | 0.00 (1) | 0.001** | 0.35 (0.734) | 0.00 (0) | 0.060 | 0.58 (0.883) | 0.00 (1) | 0.006** | 0.20 (0.533) | 0.00 (0) | 0.058 | 0.20 (0.577) | 0.00 (0) | 0.068 | 3.43 (3.843) | 2.00 (5) | 0.000** |
Malocclusion | 138 | 0.55 (0.975) | 0.00 (1) | 1.33 (1.228) | 1.00 (2) | 1.28 (1.362) | 1.00 (2) | 0.56 (0.952) | 0.00 (1) | 1.01 (1.326) | 0.50 (2) | 0.39 (0.832) | 0.00 (0) | 0.36 (0.781) | 0.00 (0) | 5.48 (5.504) | 4.00 (7) | ||||||||