Socioeconomic and demographic factors modify observed relationship between caregiving intensity and three dimensions of quality of life in informal adult children caregivers

Cook, Sarah K.; Snellings, Lauren; Cohen, Steven A.

doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0996-6

Table 3 Adjusted* odds ratios of caregiver quality of life from high caregiving intensity by race/ethnicity, gender, age, and income

From: Socioeconomic and demographic factors modify observed relationship between caregiving intensity and three dimensions of quality of life in informal adult children caregivers

	Social Strain				Negative Emotional Burden				Positive Emotional Benefit
	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P-Value	N	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P-Value	N	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P-Value	N
ADLs
Overall	3.89	(2.44, 6.21)	< 0.001	567	1.82	(1.17, 2.83)	0.01	567	0.96	(0.58, 1.56)	0.857	567
Race/Ethnicity
White, NH	3.85	(2.17, 6.81)	< 0.001	366	1.92	(1.09, 3.39)	0.02	366	0.44	(0.19, 1.02)	0.055	366
Black, NH	5.04	(1.78, 14.31)	0.002	149	1.79	(0.76, 4.20)	0.183	149	2.68	(1.20, 6.01)	0.02	149
Other	5.83	(1.05, 32.27)	0.043	52	2.49	(0.48, 12.98)	0.278	52	0.59	(0.11, 3.27)	0.549	52
Gender
Male	3.65	(1.38, 9.65)	0.009	196	1.36	(0.58, 3.17)	0.478	196	0.45	(0.17, 1.22)	0.118	196
Female	3.76	(2.20, 6.44)	< 0.001	371	1.96	(1.16, 3.31)	0.01	371	1.30	(0.72, 2.33)	0.384	371
Age
< 45 years	1.79	(0.37, 8.75)	0.472	79	0.75	(0.23, 2.50)	0.642	71	1.63	(0.47, 5.66)	0.439	79
45–54 years	3.30	(1.48, 7.33)	0.003	200	3.14	(1.47, 6.72)	0	200	1.64	(0.77, 3.50)	0.204	200
55–64 years	5.56	(2.65, 11.65)	< 0.001	223	1.61	(0.78, 3.30)	0.196	223	0.42	(0.14, 1.28)	0.125	223
65+ years	4.07	(1.00, 16.58)	0.051	65	2.75	(0.48, 15.84)	0.258	65	0.41	(0.08, 2.14)	0.289	65
Income
$0–24,999	2.68	(1.16, 6.18)	0.021	174	1.53	(0.78, 3.02)	0.218	174	1.10	(0.51, 2.36)	0.810	174
$25,000-49,999	3.40	(1.37, 8.46)	0.008	130	1.52	(0.58, 3.97)	0.398	130	1.20	(0.43, 3.40)	0.726	130
$50,000-74,999	2.85	(0.81, 10.05)	0.103	94	1.46	(0.43, 5.01)	0.547	94	0.48	(0.10, 2.35)	0.362	94
$75,000 +	6.46	(2.50, 16.73)	< 0.001	169	2.71	(0.98, 7.95)	0.054	169	0.88	(0.30, 2.62)	0.822	169
IADLs
Overall	2.90	(1.80, 4.67)	< 0.001	567	1.48	(0.94, 2.35)	0.091	567	1.36	(0.85, 2.20)	0.202	567
Race/Ethnicity
White, NH	2.40	(1.32, 4.37)	0.004	296	1.60	(0.88, 2.92)	0.123	366	1.16	(0.57, 2.37)	0.675	366
Black, NH	2.27	(0.86, 6.00)	0.099	128	1.42	(0.59, 3.38)	0.432	149	1.73	(0.78, 3.86)	0.178	149
Other	31.54	(3.30, 301.6)	0.003	44	1.50	(0.35, 6.47)	0.591	52	1.53	(0.40, 5.80)	0.531	52
Gender
Male	2.12	(0.75, 6.00)	0.157	174	1.04	(0.40, 2.67)	0.940	196	1.53	(0.65, 3.62)	0.335	196
Female	3.15	(1.83, 5.42)	< 0.001	294	1.64	(0.97, 2.79)	0.065	371	1.27	(0.71, 2.27)	0.416	371
Age
< 45 years	1.55	(0.32, 7.49)	0.584	79	1.59	(0.50, 5.02)	0.429	79	6.22	(1.74, 22.15)	0.01	79
45–54 years	2.23	(0.98, 5.06)	0.055	200	1.87	(0.84, 4.20)	0.127	200	1.39	(0.62, 3.10)	0.429	200
55–64 years	3.56	(1.68, 7.52)	0.001	223	1.04	(0.49, 2.21)	0.913	223	0.75	(0.29, 1.89)	0.536	223
65+ years	5.34	(1.08, 26.28)	0.040	65	4.40	(0.72, 26.84)	0.109	65	1.23	(0.25, 6.05)	0.803	65
Income
$0–24,999	3.09	(1.35, 7.09)	0.008	174	1.64	(0.83, 3.23)	0.157	174	1.15	(0.53, 2.47)	0.723	174
$25,000-49,999	2.50	(0.94, 6.67)	0.068	130	1.23	(0.41, 3.87)	0.718	130	1.90	(0.60, 5.97)	0.274	130
$50,000-74,999	2.46	(0.65, 9.29)	0.184	94	4.02	(1.11, 14.52)	0.03	94	1.81	(0.52, 6.35)	0.352	94
$75,000 +	4.25	(1.56, 11.54)	0.005	169	0.72	(0.19, 2.72)	0.630	169	1.45	(0.56, 3.78)	0.450	169
Hours of caregiving per week
Overall	4.88	(2.91, 8.19)	< 0.001	562	2.57	(1.60, 4.13)	< 0.001	562	1.42	(0.85, 2.36)	0.182	562
Race/Ethnicity
White, NH	7.49	(3.82, 14.68)	< 0.001	362	3.23	(1.69, 6.18)	< 0.001	362	0.73	(0.29, 1.83)	0.497	362
Black, NH	2.93	(1.11, 7.76)	0.031	148	1.98	(0.85, 4.57)	0.111	148	2.60	(1.19, 5.69)	0.02	148
Other	1.96	(0.32, 12.01)	0.469	52	1.98	(0.44, 8.96)	0.375	52	1.26	(0.27, 5.77)	0.769	52
Gender
Male	4.93	(1.66, 14.58)	0.004	194	2.98	(1.20, 7.38)	0.02	194	0.45	(0.15, 1.37)	0.160	194
Female	4.69	(2.59, 8.50)	< 0.001	368	2.36	(1.35, 4.12)	0	368	2.17	(1.19, 3.93)	0.01	368
Age
< 45 years	1.97	(0.39, 9.91)	0.412	79	0.76	(0.22, 2.66)	0.668	79	8.49	(2.19, 32.96)	0	79
45–54 years	4.07	(1.68, 9.84)	0.002	199	4.73	(2.06, 10.88)	< 0.001	199	1.84	(0.80, 4.21)	0.149	199
55–64 years	7.77	(3.38, 17.87)	< 0.001	220	2.13	(1.00, 4.57)	0.051	220	0.27	(0.07, 0.99)	0.05	220
65+ years	5.05	(1.00, 25.60)	0.050	64	8.43	(1.25, 57.06)	0.029	64	1.37	(0.27, 7.03)	0.706	64
Income
$0–24,999	3.45	(1.45, 8.21)	0.005	173	2.75	(1.40, 5.41)	0	173	1.96	(0.95, 4.08)	0.071	173
$25,000-49,999	11.46	(3.75, 34.97)	< 0.001	129	2.08	(0.69, 6.27)	0.195	129	0.71	(0.18, 2.78)	0.628	129
$50,000-74,999	9.99	(2.18, 45.76)	0.003	94	4.04	(0.93, 17.61)	0.063	94	0.84	(0.14, 4.88)	0.842	94
$75,000 +	3.16	(0.99, 10.07)	0.052	166	1.60	(0.40, 6.37)	0.508	166	1.25	(0.37, 4.18)	0.721	166
Years of caregiving
Overall	0.56	(0.33, 0.97)	0.040	498	1.23	(0.77, 1.96)	0.380	498	0.78	(0.48, 1.26)	0.308	498
Race/Ethnicity
White, NH	0.64	(0.33, 1.28)	0.206	325	1.39	(0.76, 2.56)	0.285	325	0.67	(0.33, 1.36)	0.266	325
Black, NH	0.48	(0.17, 1.38)	0.172	129	1.10	(0.46, 2.61)	0.836	129	0.68	(0.30, 1.54)	0.349	129
Other	0.29	(0.03, 2.96)	0.294	44	1.00	(0.22, 4.54)	0.996	44	1.48	(0.35, 6.27)	0.597	44
Gender
Male	0.32	(0.10, 1.07)	0.064	181	1.07	(0.45, 2.54)	0.887	181	0.94	(0.43, 2.06)	0.885	181
Female	0.65	(0.35, 1.22)	0.179	317	1.31	(0.75, 2.27)	0.342	317	0.65	(0.34, 1.22)	0.181	317
Age
< 45 years	–	–	0.998	67	0.80	(0.24, 2.68)	0.713	67	1.58	(0.42, 5.88)	0.497	67
45–54 years	1.01	(0.43, 2.39)	0.985	174	1.59	(0.70, 3.60)	0.268	174	0.69	(0.30, 1.59)	0.384	174
55–64 years	0.32	(0.12, 0.83)	0.019	203	0.99	(0.49, 2.00)	0.987	203	0.56	(0.24, 1.33)	0.190	203
65+ years	1.73	(0.39, 7.77)	0.475	54	2.52	(0.29, 21.98)	0.403	54	1.31	(0.33, 5.26)	0.706	54
Income
$0–24,999	0.36	(0.14, 0.93)	0.035	146	1.13	(0.56, 2.29)	0.727	146	0.62	(0.27, 1.42)	0.256	146
$25,000-49,999	0.28	(0.07, 1.04)	0.058	112	1.35	(0.45, 4.06)	0.590	112	1.40	(0.50, 3.93)	0.527	112
$50,000-74,999	1.18	(0.26, 5.39)	0.828	85	1.39	(0.32, 6.12)	0.662	85	0.74	(0.21, 2.65)	0.644	85
$75,000 +	0.98	(0.37, 2.63)	0.972	155	1.47	(0.53, 4.11)	0.458	155	0.62	(0.24, 1.61)	0.324	155

Bolded results are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
*Adjusted for marital status, co-residence with care recipient, and each of the effect modifiers except the one being used in the individual effect modification model. For example, for the models stratified by income category - age, gender, and race/ethnicity are treated as confounders

Back to article page