Table 1 Caregiver burden domains and corresponding NSOC questions

Social Strain

In the last month, did helping [SP] ever …

 • Keep you from visiting in person with friends or family not living with you?

 • Keep you from religious services?

 • Keep you from participating in club meetings or group activities?

 • Keep you from going out for enjoyment?

 • Keep you from working for pay?

 • Keep you from doing volunteer work?

 • Keep you from providing care for a child or other adult?

Negative Emotional Burden

Thinking about the last month, how often did you … .

 • Feel bored?

 • Feel lonely?

 • Feel upset?

Over the last month, how often have you … .

 • Had little interest or pleasure in doing things?

 • Felt down, depressed, or hopeless?

 • Felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?

 • Been unable to stop or control worrying?

 • I gave up trying to improve my life a long time ago.

 • I often feel lonely because I have few close friends.

 • How much does [SP] argue with you?

 • How often does [SP] get on nervous?

 • Helping older relatives can be difficult. Is helping [SP] emotionally difficult for you?

Positive Emotional Benefit

 • My life has meaning and purpose.

 • In general, I feel confident and good about myself

 • I like my living situation very much.

 • I have an easy time adjusting to changes.

 • I get over (recover from) illness and hardship quickly.

Thinking about the last month, how often did you …

 • Feel cheerful?

 • Feel calm and peaceful?

 • Feel full of life?

 • How much do you enjoy being with [SP]?

 • How much does [SP] appreciate what you do for them?

 • Helping [SP] has made you more confident about your abilities.

 • Helping [SP] has taught you how to deal difficult situations.

 • Helping [SP] has brought you closer to them.

 • Helping [SP] gives you satisfaction that they are well cared for.