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Table 1 Sample characteristics

From: Quality of life in persons with dementia using regional dementia care network services in Germany: a one-year follow-up study

 

total (n = 560)

 

p-value

follow-up

p-value

follow-up (n = 407)*

loss to follow-up (n = 153)

T0 (n = 407)*

T1 (n = 407)*

Age in years (mean, SD)

79.7 (8.4)

79.1 (8.5)

81.5 (8.1)

0.003a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Sex (n, %)

 Female

319 (57.0)

244 (60.1)

81 (53.6)

0.101b

n/a

n/a

n/a

 Male

232 (41.4)

162 (39.9)

70 (46.4)

 

n/a

n/a

Living situation of caregiver (n, %)

 Together

337 (69.7)

252 (62.4)

85 (57.8)

0.014 c

247 (62.8)

226 (57.5)

<  0.001 d

 Nearby

127 (22.7)

99 (24.5)

28 (19.0)

 

97 (24.7)

105 (26.7)

 Greater distance

87 (15.5)

53 (13.1)

34 (23.1)

 

49 (12.5)

62 (15.8)

Social Index (Scheuch-Winkler) (n, %)

 Low

248 (60.6)

183 (60.6)

65 (60.7)

0.810c

n/a

n/a

 

 Middle

121 (29.6)

91 (30.1)

30 (28.0)

 

n/a

n/a

 

 High

40 (9.8)

28 (9.3)

12 (11.2)

 

n/a

n/a

 

Impairment by dementia (FAST, 0–7) (n, %)

 Up to moderate (FAST ≤5)

42 (7.5)

35 (8.9)

7 (4.8)

<  0.016 c

30 (7.8)

23 (6.0)

<  0.001 d

 Severe (FAST 6)

229 (40.9)

177 (44.9)

52 (35.6)

 

174 (45.4)

136 (35.5)

 Very severe (FAST 7)

269 (48.0)

182 (46.2)

87 (59.6)

 

179 (46.7)

224 (58.5)

Depression (GDS, 0–15) (mean, SD)

4.6 (3.4)

4.6 (3.4)

4.6 (3.4)

0.967a

4.4 (3.2)

4.6 (3.4)

<  0.001 e

Challenging behavior (CMAI) (n; %)

 Physically non-aggressive behavior

yes

344 (61.4)

152 (37.9)

52 (35.4)

0.330b

152 (37.9)

171 (42.6)

<  0.001 f

no

204 (36.4)

249 (62.1)

95 (64.6)

 

249 (62.1)

230 (57.4)

 Verbally agitated behavior

yes

330 (58.9)

161 (40.0)

60 (40.3)

0.519b

161 (40.0)

155 (38.6)

<  0.001 f

no

221 (39.5)

241 (60.0)

89 (59.7)

 

214 (60.0)

247 (61.4)

 Aggressive behavior

yes

85 (15.2)

59 (14.8)

26 (17.6)

0.251b

59 (14, 8)

60 (15.0)

<  0.001 f

no

462 (82.5)

340 (85.2)

122 (82.4)

 

340 (85.2)

339 (85.0)

 Mind. 1 challenging behavior

yes

422 (75.4)

307 (76.4)

115 (78.2)

0.369b

307 (76.4)

321 (79.1)

<  0.001 f

no

127 (22.7)

95 (23.6)

32 (21.8)

 

95 (23.6)

84 (20.9)

Capacities of daily living (IADL, 0–8) (mean, SD)

2.0 (1.9)

2.2 (1.9)

1.5 (1.6)

<  0.001 a

2.2 (1.9)

1.5 (1.7)

<  0.001 e

Quality of life (QoL-AD, 13–52), (mean, SD)

28.6 (5.5)

29.0 (5.4)

27.8 (5.7)

0.024 a

29.1 (5.4)

28.7 (5.4)

<  0.001 e

Caregiver Burden (BIZAD ADL, 0–16) (mean, SD)

6.2 (4.9)

6.0 (5.0)

6.7 (4.8)

0.113a

n/a

n/a

n/a

  1. at-test; b Fisher exact test; c chi-square-test; d Bowker’s Test; e paired sample t-test; f McNemar’s Test; DCN: regional dementia care network, SD standard deviation, FAST Functional Assessment Staging, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, CMAI Cohen-Mansfield-Agitation Inventory, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, QoL-AD Quality of Life Alzheimers Disease, BIZA-D Berliner Inventar zur Angehörigenbelastung – Demenz, n/a not applicable, underlined values are most favorable values, bold indicates significant results at significance level 0.05. * due to missing values, sample size may not sum up to n = 407 and therefore values may differ from those of the follow-up sample (column 3)
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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