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Table 7 Multivariate regression model for socio-demographic characteristics, clinical factor and physical side effect, psychological effects and self-esteem in cancer patients in Malaysia (n = 1620)

From: Determinants of quality of life among Malaysian cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Physical health

Psychological health

Social relationships

Environment

B

p

B

p

B

p

B

p

Age

 < 45

−1.75

0.24

0.25

0.85

/#

/

0.47

0.77

 45–54

0.37

0.71

6.21

0.00*

/

/

1.09

0.33

 55–64

3.31

0.00*

0.97

0.18

/

/

1.65

0.06

 > 65

Ref+

Ref

/

/

Ref

Race

 Malay

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Chinese

5.36

0.64

− 0.11

0.99

− 1.18

0.30

5.47

0.65

 Indian

2.28

0.00*

− 2.64

0.03*

− 3.72

0.01*

−6.73

0.00*

 Other

−0.30

0.68

0.58

0.60

0.58

0.77

0.39

0.41

Religious

 Muslim

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Buddhist

− 8.17

0.47

−0.95

0.92

− 26.68

0.06

−9.56

0.43

 Hindu

− 5.95

0.00*

− 2.31

0.01*

- 1.98

0.04*

− 7.62

0.00*

 Christian

6.78

0.57

10.22

0.35

9.08

0.48

6.07

0.63

Marital status

 Married

/

/

/

/

/

/

Ref

 Single

/

/

/

/

/

/

−3.71

0.01

 Divorce/Widow

/

/

/

/

/

/

−3.42

0.00*

Education level

 No formal education

−2.05

0.03*

0.12

0.89

/

/

− 1.81

0.08

 Diploma & Less

Ref

Ref

/

/

Ref

 University level

−0.88

0.51

−2.22

0.07

/

/

−1.75

0.22

Working status

 Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 No

−1.04

0.26

−1.34

0.12

1.99

0.01*

−0.58

0.56

 Retired

−2.68

0.00*

0.74

0.41

0.30

0.76

−1.89

0.07

Family history of cancer

/

/

1.78

0.00*

/

/

/

/

Type of Cancer

 Breast

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Ovarian

−4.89

0.00*

0.26

0.86

−2.71

0.17

−6.67

0.00*

 Cervical

− 0.99

0.93

1.57

0.15

9.27

0.00*

0.88

0.48

 Colorectal

−3.24

0.00*

0.30

0.70

0.74

0.45

−3.04

0.01*

 Lymphoma

−2.08

0.13

−1.26

0.32

3.72

0.23

−2.38

0.11

 Stomach

−8.57

0.00*

− 0.42

0.68

−8.43

0.00*

−8.19

0.00*

 Others

−3.77

0.00*

−0.53

0.59

−7.79

0.00*

−3.37

0.03*

Cancer stage

 I

−0.53

0.69

0.54

0.66

−2.52

0.06

−1.57

0.28

 II

−0.10

0.92

−0.10

0.91

3.62

0.00*

−0.46

0.69

 III

0.68

0.34

−4.79

0.00*

0.73

0.39

0.26

0.73

 IV

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Type of cancer treatment

−0.42

0.19

−1.83

0.00*

/

/

1.50

0.29

Cycle of cancer treatment

−3.88

0.00*

−1.57

0.05

7.14

0.00*

− 4.36

0.00*

Pain due to cancer (yes)

−4.58

0.00*

1.43

0.10

7.32

0.00*

− 5.57

0.00*

Vomiting (yes)

0.58

0.69

−5.59

0.00*

−5.39

0.00*

−0.61

0.69

Nausea (yes)

−9.51

0.00*

−10.90

0.00*

9.83

0.00*

−7.61

0.00*

Fatigue (yes)

−2.55

0.04*

− 0.44

0.70

−6.43

0.01*

− 3.97

0.00*

Hair loss (yes)

14.19

0.00*

5.42

0.00*

9.37

0.00*

13.35

0.00*

Bleeding (yes)

−7.89

0.00*

−6.74

0.00*

− 13.99

0.00*

− 6.84

0.00*

Anxiety (yes)

−5.35

0.00*

4.23

0.00*

0.17

0.92

−2.73

0.11

Depression (yes)

2.87

0.06

−0.42

0.77

−10.84

0.00*

1.41

0.39

Self-esteem

1.20

0.00*

0.90

0.00*

1.46

0.00*

1.25

0.00*

Constant

49.78

0.00

53.55

0.00

17.43

0.00

48.61

0.00

Adjusted R Square

0.69

0.70

0.68

0.65

Model Fit Data

F = 112.42, p < 0.000

F = 113.24, p < 0.000

F = 128.28, p < 0.000

F = 88.39, p < 0.000

  1. # The symbol of “/”means that variable not include in the final module of regression because significant in bivariate analysis; +References Group; B, Unstandardized Coefficients; p, *significant at p < 0.05; © 1USD = 4 MY