From: Determinants of quality of life among Malaysian cancer patients: a cross-sectional study
Characteristics | Physical health | Psychological health | Social relationships | Environment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | p | B | p | B | p | B | p | |
Age | ||||||||
< 45 | −1.75 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.85 | /# | / | 0.47 | 0.77 |
45–54 | 0.37 | 0.71 | 6.21 | 0.00* | / | / | 1.09 | 0.33 |
55–64 | 3.31 | 0.00* | 0.97 | 0.18 | / | / | 1.65 | 0.06 |
> 65 | Ref+ | Ref | / | / | Ref | |||
Race | ||||||||
Malay | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Chinese | 5.36 | 0.64 | − 0.11 | 0.99 | − 1.18 | 0.30 | 5.47 | 0.65 |
Indian | 2.28 | 0.00* | − 2.64 | 0.03* | − 3.72 | 0.01* | −6.73 | 0.00* |
Other | −0.30 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
Religious | ||||||||
Muslim | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Buddhist | − 8.17 | 0.47 | −0.95 | 0.92 | − 26.68 | 0.06 | −9.56 | 0.43 |
Hindu | − 5.95 | 0.00* | − 2.31 | 0.01* | - 1.98 | 0.04* | − 7.62 | 0.00* |
Christian | 6.78 | 0.57 | 10.22 | 0.35 | 9.08 | 0.48 | 6.07 | 0.63 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | / | / | / | / | / | / | Ref | |
Single | / | / | / | / | / | / | −3.71 | 0.01 |
Divorce/Widow | / | / | / | / | / | / | −3.42 | 0.00* |
Education level | ||||||||
No formal education | −2.05 | 0.03* | 0.12 | 0.89 | / | / | − 1.81 | 0.08 |
Diploma & Less | Ref | Ref | / | / | Ref | |||
University level | −0.88 | 0.51 | −2.22 | 0.07 | / | / | −1.75 | 0.22 |
Working status | ||||||||
Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
No | −1.04 | 0.26 | −1.34 | 0.12 | 1.99 | 0.01* | −0.58 | 0.56 |
Retired | −2.68 | 0.00* | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.76 | −1.89 | 0.07 |
Family history of cancer | / | / | 1.78 | 0.00* | / | / | / | / |
Type of Cancer | ||||||||
Breast | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Ovarian | −4.89 | 0.00* | 0.26 | 0.86 | −2.71 | 0.17 | −6.67 | 0.00* |
Cervical | − 0.99 | 0.93 | 1.57 | 0.15 | 9.27 | 0.00* | 0.88 | 0.48 |
Colorectal | −3.24 | 0.00* | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.45 | −3.04 | 0.01* |
Lymphoma | −2.08 | 0.13 | −1.26 | 0.32 | 3.72 | 0.23 | −2.38 | 0.11 |
Stomach | −8.57 | 0.00* | − 0.42 | 0.68 | −8.43 | 0.00* | −8.19 | 0.00* |
Others | −3.77 | 0.00* | −0.53 | 0.59 | −7.79 | 0.00* | −3.37 | 0.03* |
Cancer stage | ||||||||
I | −0.53 | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.66 | −2.52 | 0.06 | −1.57 | 0.28 |
II | −0.10 | 0.92 | −0.10 | 0.91 | 3.62 | 0.00* | −0.46 | 0.69 |
III | 0.68 | 0.34 | −4.79 | 0.00* | 0.73 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.73 |
IV | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Type of cancer treatment | −0.42 | 0.19 | −1.83 | 0.00* | / | / | 1.50 | 0.29 |
Cycle of cancer treatment | −3.88 | 0.00* | −1.57 | 0.05 | 7.14 | 0.00* | − 4.36 | 0.00* |
Pain due to cancer (yes) | −4.58 | 0.00* | 1.43 | 0.10 | 7.32 | 0.00* | − 5.57 | 0.00* |
Vomiting (yes) | 0.58 | 0.69 | −5.59 | 0.00* | −5.39 | 0.00* | −0.61 | 0.69 |
Nausea (yes) | −9.51 | 0.00* | −10.90 | 0.00* | 9.83 | 0.00* | −7.61 | 0.00* |
Fatigue (yes) | −2.55 | 0.04* | − 0.44 | 0.70 | −6.43 | 0.01* | − 3.97 | 0.00* |
Hair loss (yes) | 14.19 | 0.00* | 5.42 | 0.00* | 9.37 | 0.00* | 13.35 | 0.00* |
Bleeding (yes) | −7.89 | 0.00* | −6.74 | 0.00* | − 13.99 | 0.00* | − 6.84 | 0.00* |
Anxiety (yes) | −5.35 | 0.00* | 4.23 | 0.00* | 0.17 | 0.92 | −2.73 | 0.11 |
Depression (yes) | 2.87 | 0.06 | −0.42 | 0.77 | −10.84 | 0.00* | 1.41 | 0.39 |
Self-esteem | 1.20 | 0.00* | 0.90 | 0.00* | 1.46 | 0.00* | 1.25 | 0.00* |
Constant | 49.78 | 0.00 | 53.55 | 0.00 | 17.43 | 0.00 | 48.61 | 0.00 |
Adjusted R Square | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.65 | ||||
Model Fit Data | F = 112.42, p < 0.000 | F = 113.24, p < 0.000 | F = 128.28, p < 0.000 | F = 88.39, p < 0.000 |