Children and adolescents in institutional care versus traditional families: a quality of life comparison in Japan

Table 3 Quality of Life (QOL) scores for elementary school students

Variable	Students from ^achildren’s Homes n = 31		Students from traditional families n = 77		Effect size	p
Variable	M	SD	M	SD	Effect size	p
Total score	63.38	13.27	74.57	13.14	0.47	< 0.001
Physical well-being	77.91	16.70	77.58	17.55	0.01	0.92
Emotional well-being	71.48	20.77	83.88	17.06	0.40	0.004
Self-esteem	49.62	24.61	64.17	19.92	0.39	0.005
Family	58.50	18.55	74.16	17.83	0.48	< 0.001
Friends	71.41	25.57	78.94	17.83	0.23	0.14
School	54.23	22.78	66.76	19.17	0.36	0.009

^aChildren’s Homes were established by child social welfare law in Japan, and house orphaned, neglected, or abused children. QOL was measured with the Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDL®) questionnaire, Japanese Version; SD = Standard Deviation; M = Mean

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