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Table 2 Cox proportional hazard regression backward likelihood ratio (LR) model for first emergency department (ED) visit

From: Health related quality of life and emergency department visits in adults of age ≥ 66 years: a prospective cohort study

Variables

Total (n = 503)

66-80 years (n = 339)

80+ years (n = 164)

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Model step onea

 Poor Physical HRQoL

1.53 (1.12-2.10)

0.007

1.97 (1.28-3.02)

0.002

1.22 (0.77-1.91)

0.387

 Poor Mental HRQoL

1.13 (0.85-1.51)

0.391

1.11 (0.74-1.67)

0.592

1.13 (0.75-1.70)

0.544

 Age (80+)

1.71 (1.31-2.24)

<0.001

-

-

-

-

 Male

1.18 (0.91-1.52)

0.205

1.11 (0.80-1.54)

0.500

1.29 (0.82-2.03)

0.262

 Institutionalised housing

0.90 (0.49-1.64)

0.738

1.44 (0.50-4.12)

0.487

0.74 (0.35-1.55)

0.427

 Living alone

1.10 (0.83-1.46)

0.489

1.06 (0.74-1.53)

0.732

1.29 (0.79-2.11)

0.295

 Primary education

1.16 (0.91-1.47)

0.228

1.06 (0.77-1.45)

0.713

1.34 (0.90-1.99)

0.147

 Dependent in ADL (≥1)

1.04 (0.68-1.57)

0.852

0.80 (0.41-1.58)

0.536

1.14 (0.67-1.94)

0.627

 Dependent in IADL (≥1)

1.21 (0.93-1.57)

0.143

1.16 (0.83-1.61)

0.376

1.34 (0.84-2.14)

0.215

 Number of diseases/illnesses

1.08 (0.98-1.19)

0.104

1.14 (1.01-1.29)

0.026

1.02 (0.86-1.20)

0.785

Final modelb

 Poor Physical HRQoL

1.68 (1.29-2.20)

<0.001*

1.97 (1.34-2.88)

<0.001*

1.46 (1.02-2.10)

0.038*

 Age 80+

1.74 (1.34-2.25)

<0.001*

-

-

-

-

 Dependent in IADL

1.27 (0.98-1.63)

0.067

-

-

-

-

 Number of diseasees/illnesses

  

1.15 (1.02-1.29)

0.021*

-

-

  1. The sample only includes respondents who have responded to all included covariates and is, thus, smaller than in Table 1. Abbreviations: HRQoL Health related quality of life, ADL, activity of daily living, IADL instrumental activity of daily living, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval. In the analysis, good physical and mental health related quality of life, female, living at home, living together, education higher than primary, independence in ADL and IADL, and having no disease/illness were used as reference categories. The p-value < 0.05 was used to test significance. aCox proportional hazard regression backward LR at step one including all variables. bCox proportional hazard regression backward LR at final step. In total sample, LR at step one was 3167.37, p < 0.001 and at final step was 3174.23, p < 0.001. In 66–80 age group, LR at step one was 1725.29, p = 0.004 and at final step was 1728.33, p < 0.001. In 80+ age group, LR at step one was 1058.87, p = 0.214 and at final step was 1066.54, p = 0.037
  2. *Significant p-value based on 1000 Bootstrap samples with bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval type