Table 2 HPLP subscale scores among empty nesters and non-empty nesters (\( \overline{x}\pm s \))

104.20 ± 19.23

98.73 ± 18.53

2.48 ± 0.46

2.35 ± 0.44

3.19

0.002

2.68 ± 0.61

2

2.54 ± 0.58

2

2.65

0.008

1.95 ± 0.57

6

1.73 ± 0.55

6

4.41

< 0.001

2.57 ± 0.92

3

2.43 ± 0.95

3

1.64

0.102

3.04 ± 0.47

1

3.03 ± 0.43

1

0.17

0.864

2.30 ± 0.68

5

2.20 ± 0.79

5

1.55

0.123

2.44 ± 0.58

4

2.36 ± 0.56

4

1.60

0.110