Covariates | Total | Males | Females | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Beta | P value | Beta | P value | Beta | P value |
Demographics | ||||||
 Sex (male vs. female) | 1.353 | 0.012 | – | – | – | – |
 Age (year) | −0.081 | 0.051 | −0.007 | 0.912 | −0.114 | 0.041 |
 Education level | ||||||
  Illiterate/elementary school | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
  High school | 3.43 | 0.047 | 17.02 | < 0.001 | −0.035 | 0.986 |
  University and above | 4.724 | 0.006 | 17.686 | < 0.001 | 1.588 | 0.418 |
 Marital status (married vs. others) | − 0.197 | 0.757 | 0.591 | 0.607 | −0.382 | 0.62 |
No. of component of metabolic syndrome | −0.371 | 0.043 | −0.116 | 0.645 | −0.542 | 0.036 |
Physical activity level | ||||||
  Low | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
  Moderate | 0.897 | 0.076 | 2.203 | 0.005 | 0.101 | 0.878 |
  High | 2.09 | 0.001 | 3.37 | 0.001 | 1.22 | 0.137 |
Personal habits | ||||||
 Smoking | ||||||
   Current smoker vs. non-smoker | −1.675 | 0.02 | −1.721 | 0.036 | −1.084 | 0.421 |
   Ex-smoker vs. non-smoker | 2.451 | 0.014 | 2.521 | 0.019 | 2.393 | 0.276 |
 Alcohol consumption (yes vs. no) | 1.163 | 0.087 | 0.483 | 0.536 | 2.442 | 0.055 |