Table 2 Characteristics of the subjects in two tests
From: The development of the social health scale for the elderly
Characteristic | N (%) | P-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|
Pilot testing | Field testing | ||
Demographic and socio-economic variables | |||
Gender | 0.63 | ||
Male | 215 (50.00) | 1172 (48.75) | |
Female | 215 (50.00) | 1232 (51.25) | |
Age group | 0.19 | ||
60~ 69 years | 231 (53.72) | 1213 (50.46) | |
70~ 79 years | 140 (32.56) | 818 (34.03) | |
80 years and above | 59 (13.72) | 373 (15.52) | |
Type of household | < 0.01a | ||
Agricultural | 22 (5.12) | 664 (27.62) | |
Non-agricultural | 257 (59.77) | 1105 (45.97) | |
Agricultural to non-agricultural | 151 (35.12) | 617 (25.67) | |
Others | 0 (0.00) | 18 (0.75) | |
Religion | < 0.01b | ||
Buddhism | 130 (30.23) | 831 (34.63) | |
Christianity | 5 (1.16) | 134 (5.58) | |
Others | 0 (0) | 14 (0.58) | |
None | 295 (68.60) | 1421 (59.21) | |
Education level | 0.15 | ||
Uneducated | 96 (22.33) | 545 (22.71) | |
Did not completed primary school | 88 (20.47) | 417 (17.38) | |
Primary school graduate | 64 (14.88) | 493 (20.54) | |
Middle school graduate | 93 (21.63) | 570 (23.75) | |
High school graduate | 40 (9.30) | 241 (10.04) | |
College/university graduate | 49 (11.40) | 134 (5.58) | |
Marital status | 0.02c | ||
Never married | 0 (0) | 7 (0.29) | |
Married | 328 (76.28) | 1933 (80.54) | |
Divorced | 11 (2.56) | 20 (0.83) | |
Widowed | 91 (21.16) | 440 (18.33) | |
Behavioral variables | |||
Living alone | 0.62 | ||
Yes | 38 (8.84) | 229 (9.59) | |
No | 392 (91.16) | 2159 (90.41) | |
Quality of sleeping | < 0.01 | ||
Sleep very well all the time | 232 (53.95) | 583 (24.27) | |
Sleep well in most of the time | 139(32.33) | 1300 (54.12) | |
Sleep badly in most of the time | 38 (8.84) | 414 (17.24) | |
Sleep very badly all the time | 21 (4.88) | 105 (4.37) | |
Current smoker | 0.66 | ||
Yes | 73 (16.98) | 429 (17.85) | |
No | 357 (83.02) | 1974 (82.15) | |
Current drinker | 0.83 | ||
Yes | 97 (22.56) | 554 (23.04) | |
No | 333 (77.44) | 1850 (76.96) | |
Health status variables | |||
Mobility* | < 0.01d | ||
Have no problems in walking about | 355 (82.56) | 2201 (91.56) | |
Have some problems in walking about | 72 (16.74) | 193 (8.03) | |
Be confined to bed | 3 (0.70) | 10 (0.42) | |
Self-care* | 0.98e | ||
Have no problems with self-care | 419 (97.44) | 2342 (97.46) | |
Have some problems in washing/dressing | 8 (1.86) | 53 (2.21) | |
Be unable to wash/dress | 3 (0.70) | 8 (0.33) | |
Usual activities* | < 0.01f | ||
Have no problems with performing | 381 (88.60) | 2246 (93.47) | |
Have some problems with performing | 46 (10.70) | 139 (5.78) | |
Be unable to perform | 3 (0.70) | 18 (0.75) | |
Pain/discomfort* | < 0.01 | ||
Have no pain/discomfort | 243 (56.51) | 1533 (63.77) | |
Have moderate pain/discomfort | 162 (37.67) | 804 (33.44) | |
Have extreme pain/discomfort | 25 (5.81) | 67 (2.79) | |
Anxiety/depression* | 0.02g | ||
Be not anxious/depressed | 396 (92.09) | 2119 (88.37) | |
Be moderately anxious/depressed | 30 (6.98) | 262 (10.93) | |
Be extremely anxious/depressed | 4 (0.93) | 17 (0.71) | |
Number of confirmed chronic diseases | 0.86 | ||
0 | 104 (24.19) | 608 (25.29) | |
1 | 146 (33.95) | 792 (32.95) | |
2 | 113 (26.28) | 577 (24.00) | |
3~ | 67 (15.58) | 427 (17.76) | |