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Table 4 Adjusted relationship of pain (mean NRS) and functional disability (ODI) with HRQoL paramenters (EQ-utility, EQ-VAS, SF-PCS, SF-MCS) during follow-up

From: Benefits in pain perception, ability function and health-related quality of life in patients with failed back surgery syndrome undergoing spinal cord stimulation in a clinical practice setting

 

EQ-Utility

EQ-VAS

SF-PCS

SF-MCS

Independent variables

Regr. Coef.

95% CI

P

Regr. Coef.

95% CI

P

Regr. Coef.

95% CI

P

Regr. Coef.

95% CI

P

Mean NRS

−0.018

−0.027,-0.009

< 0.001

−3.187

−4.095,-1.985

< 0.001

−0.745

−1.108,-0.382

< 0.001

−1.371

−1.938,-0.805

< 0.001

ODI

−0.009

−0.010,-0.008

< 0.001

− 0.253

− 0.402,-0.112

0.001

− 0.228

−0.275,-0.181

< 0.001

− 0.083

−0.159,-0.007

0.031

Baseline HRQoL score

0.217

0.143,0.291

< 0.001

0.121

0.016,0.246

0.038

0.467

0.298,0.636

< 0.001

0.453

0.306,0.600

< 0.001

Age (years)

0.001

−0.002,0.002

0.930

−0.066

− 0.226,0.097

0.432

− 0.012

−0.092,0.067

0.761

−0.018

− 0.135,0.099

0.767

Sex

 Female – reference

 Male

0.001

−0.044,0.045

0.974

−3.341

−8.314,0.941

0.159

−0.652

−2.727,1.424

0.538

−1.088

−4.045,1.869

0.471

Education

 None - reference

 Lower secondary school

−0.014

−0.079,0.050

0.661

1.554

−5.639,6.915

0.642

−1.475

−4.466,1.516

0.334

−0.085

−4.395,4.224

0.969

 Upper secondary school/university

−0.039

−0.087,0.010

0.124

−1.456

−6.014,3.982

0.558

0.951

−1.291,3.193

0.406

−0.175

−3.343,2.993

0.914

Previous surgery

 None or 1 - reference

 More than 1

0.004

−0.044,0.052

0.861

−1.254

−6.014,3.982

0.628

0.621

−1.291,3.193

0.587

−2.326

−5.579,0.926

0.161

 Visit (time)

0 .003

−0.009,0.014

0.642

1.945

0.440,3.415

0.011

−0.339

−0.714,0.097

0.077

−0.331

− 0.962,0.300

0.303

 Intercept

1.039

0.904,1.174

< 0.001

80.165

65.235,93.185

< 0.001

35.095

27.878,42.313

< 0.001

35.753

26.383,45.123

< 0.001

 Random intercept (SD)

0.061

0.042,0.088

< 0.0001

3.714

1.485,9.284

0.117

3.713

2.982,4.624

< 0.0001

4.995

3.887,6.418

< 0.0001

 Random residuals (SD)

0.140

0.129,0.153

15.116

13.717,16.657

4.706

4.338,5.106

7.966

7.344,8.641

  1. The column on the left lists the independent variables introduced in the regression models, and the intercept and the random component of the model. The other columns show the regression coefficients and the standard deviations of the random intercept and random residuals, the 95% confidence intervals and the p values estimated for each independent variable analysed with the dependent variables EQ-utility index, EQ-VAS, SF-PCS and SF-MCS. Positive regression coefficients indicate a direct association, and negative regression coefficients indicate an inverse association between the dependent variables and the independent variables. Confidence intervals and p values indicate the level of significance of the regression coefficients