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Table 1 Description of the study participants and the CD-RISC scores

From: Measurement properties of the Nepali version of the Connor Davidson resilience scales in individuals with chronic pain

  Sample 1  
  EFA sample CFA sample Sample 2
  (N = 131) (N = 134) (N = 140)
Variable N (%) or Mean (SD) N (%) or Mean (SD) N (%) or Mean (SD)
Recruitment, N (%)
 Community 109 (83%) 134 (100%) 100 (71%)
 Hospital 22 (17%) 0 (0%) 40 (29%)
Primary site of pain, N (%)
 Multiple sites 60 (46%) 65 (48%) 60 (43%)
 Low back and pelvis 21 (16%) 25 (19%) 31 (22%)
 Knee 25 (19%) 28 (21%) 29 (21%)
 Headache 6 (5%) 5 (4%) 0 (0%)
 Neck 4 (3%) 0 (0%) 3 (2%)
 Upper back 4 (3%) 0 (0%) 3 (2%)
 Elbow 3 (2%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%)
 Ankle and foot 3 (2%) 4 (3%) 1 (1%)
 Shoulder 1 (1%) 1 (1%) 9 (6%)
 Other sites 4 (3%) 5 (3%) 3 (2%)
Duration of pain in months,
Mean (SD) 41.67 (56.19) 61.56 (74.14) 52.09 (76.94)
Follow-up assessment epoch in days,
Mean (SD) 10.62 (1.42) 10.27 (1.82) –
Age in years, Mean (SD) 44.92 (17.20) 47.91 (13.81) 47.27 (14.54)
Sex, N (%)
 Men 37 (28%) 33 (25%) 50 (36%)
 Women 94 (72%) 101 (75%) 90 (64%)
Religion, N (%)
 Hindu 123 (94%) 102 (76%) 130 (93%)
 Buddhist 6 (5%) 27 (20%) 4 (3%)
 Others 2 (1%) 5 (4%) 6 (4%)
Race/Ethnicity, N (%)
 Chettri 10 (8%) 6 (4%) 59 (42%)
 Brahmin 71 (54%) 13 (10%) 38 (27%)
 Newar 40 (30%) 101 (75%) 19 (14%)
 Others 10 (8%) 14 (11%) 11 (8%)
Education, N (%)
 No school 25 (19%) 15 (11%) 44 (31%)
 Primary school (<5 years) 32 (24%) 20 (15%) 42 (30%)
 Secondary school (6-10 years) 23 (18%) 34 (25%) 34 (24%)
 Higher secondary (11-12 years) 31 (24%) 25 (19%) 5 (4%)
 Bachelor and over 20 (15%) 40 (30%) 15 (11%)
Primary occupation, a N (%)
 Unemployed 21 (16%) 0 (0%) 6 (4%)
 Agriculture 37 (28%) 15 (11%) 48 (34%)
 Homemaker 18 (14%) 36 (27%) 39 (28%)
 Business 20 (15%) 37 (28%) 15 (11%)
 Office worker 14 (11%) 24 (20%) 10 (7%)
 Other 21 (16%) 22 (14%) 22 (16%)
CDRISC-2 score, Mean (SD)
 Initial assessment 5.21 (1.67) 5.47 (1.68) 5.43 (1.94)
 Final assessment 5.20 (1.77) 5.54 (1.69) –
CDRISC-10 score, Mean (SD)
 Initial assessment 27.05 (7.03) 28.54 (7.62) –
 Final assessment 26.25 (8.32) 27.72 (7.91) –
  1. a As reported by the study participants
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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