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Table 1 Description of the study participants and the CD-RISC scores
| Sample 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| EFA sample | CFA sample | Sample 2 | |
| (N = 131) | (N = 134) | (N = 140) | |
| Variable | N (%) or Mean (SD) | N (%) or Mean (SD) | N (%) or Mean (SD) |
| Recruitment, N (%) | |||
| Community | 109 (83%) | 134 (100%) | 100 (71%) |
| Hospital | 22 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 40 (29%) |
| Primary site of pain, N (%) | |||
| Multiple sites | 60 (46%) | 65 (48%) | 60 (43%) |
| Low back and pelvis | 21 (16%) | 25 (19%) | 31 (22%) |
| Knee | 25 (19%) | 28 (21%) | 29 (21%) |
| Headache | 6 (5%) | 5 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Neck | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) |
| Upper back | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) |
| Elbow | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Ankle and foot | 3 (2%) | 4 (3%) | 1 (1%) |
| Shoulder | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (6%) |
| Other sites | 4 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 3 (2%) |
| Duration of pain in months, | |||
| Mean (SD) | 41.67 (56.19) | 61.56 (74.14) | 52.09 (76.94) |
| Follow-up assessment epoch in days, | |||
| Mean (SD) | 10.62 (1.42) | 10.27 (1.82) | – |
| Age in years, Mean (SD) | 44.92 (17.20) | 47.91 (13.81) | 47.27 (14.54) |
| Sex, N (%) | |||
| Men | 37 (28%) | 33 (25%) | 50 (36%) |
| Women | 94 (72%) | 101 (75%) | 90 (64%) |
| Religion, N (%) | |||
| Hindu | 123 (94%) | 102 (76%) | 130 (93%) |
| Buddhist | 6 (5%) | 27 (20%) | 4 (3%) |
| Others | 2 (1%) | 5 (4%) | 6 (4%) |
| Race/Ethnicity, N (%) | |||
| Chettri | 10 (8%) | 6 (4%) | 59 (42%) |
| Brahmin | 71 (54%) | 13 (10%) | 38 (27%) |
| Newar | 40 (30%) | 101 (75%) | 19 (14%) |
| Others | 10 (8%) | 14 (11%) | 11 (8%) |
| Education, N (%) | |||
| No school | 25 (19%) | 15 (11%) | 44 (31%) |
| Primary school (<5 years) | 32 (24%) | 20 (15%) | 42 (30%) |
| Secondary school (6-10 years) | 23 (18%) | 34 (25%) | 34 (24%) |
| Higher secondary (11-12 years) | 31 (24%) | 25 (19%) | 5 (4%) |
| Bachelor and over | 20 (15%) | 40 (30%) | 15 (11%) |
| Primary occupation, a N (%) | |||
| Unemployed | 21 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (4%) |
| Agriculture | 37 (28%) | 15 (11%) | 48 (34%) |
| Homemaker | 18 (14%) | 36 (27%) | 39 (28%) |
| Business | 20 (15%) | 37 (28%) | 15 (11%) |
| Office worker | 14 (11%) | 24 (20%) | 10 (7%) |
| Other | 21 (16%) | 22 (14%) | 22 (16%) |
| CDRISC-2 score, Mean (SD) | |||
| Initial assessment | 5.21 (1.67) | 5.47 (1.68) | 5.43 (1.94) |
| Final assessment | 5.20 (1.77) | 5.54 (1.69) | – |
| CDRISC-10 score, Mean (SD) | |||
| Initial assessment | 27.05 (7.03) | 28.54 (7.62) | – |
| Final assessment | 26.25 (8.32) | 27.72 (7.91) | – |
