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Table 5 Impact of health status and diagnosis group on QOL. Linear regression models of the four WHOQOL-BREF domains

From: Multicentre cross-sectional clinical evaluation study about quality of life in adults with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) compared to country specific reference populations (dsd-LIFE)

  

Physical health (n = 960)

Psychological (n = 963)

Social relationships (n = 962)

Environment (n = 961)

Variable

Categories

ß

95% CI

p-value

p R2 (%)

ß

95% CI

p-value

p R2 (%)

ß

95% CI

p-value

p R2 (%)

ß

95% CI

p-value

p R2 (%)

Age

−0.1

−0.2, −0.0

0.006

5

−0.0

−0.1, 0.1

0.875

2

−0.2

−0.3, −0.1

0.006

5

0.0

−0.0, 0.1

0.360

1

Feeling about households income

   

14

   

14

   

10

   

33

 Living comfortable on present income

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

 Coping with present income

−3.4

−5.3, − 1.5

< 0.001

 

−3.0

−5.2, − 0.9

0.006

 

−3.4

−6.0, − 0.8

0.009

 

−4.5

−6.2, −2.8

< 0.001

 

 (Very) difficult to live on present income

−9.0

− 11.8, −6.2

< 0.001

 

−6.9

− 10.0, − 3.8

< 0.001

 

− 5.2

−9.0, − 1.5

0.006

 

−12.2

−14.6, −9.7

< 0.001

 

Relationship status

   

1

   

2

   

15

   

0

 Being single

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

 Having a partner

0.3

−2.0, 2.5

0.806

 

2.9

0.4, 5.4

0.025

 

9.6

6.5, 12.6

< 0.001

 

−0.5

−2.5, 1.5

0.637

 

 Living with parents

− 0.5

−3.1, 2.2

0.727

 

1.2

−1.8, 4.2

0.425

 

3.2

−0.4, 6.7

0.081

 

−0.2

−2.5, 2.2

0.887

 

 Other

−1.6

−6.6, 3.5

0.544

 

1.1

−4.5, 6.7

0.697

 

−0.9

−7.6, 5.9

0.796

 

−2.0

−6.5, 2.4

0.366

 

Health status

   

77

   

81

   

62

   

63

 Very bad

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

 Bad

16.0

7.9, 24.2

< 0.001

 

7.9

−1.3, 17.0

0.092

 

5.8

−5.3, 16.7

0.305

 

14.1

6.9, 21.4

< 0.001

 

 Fair

28.4

20.7, 26.1

< 0.001

 

15.4

6.8, 24.0

< 0.001

 

11.6

1.3, 22.0

0.027

 

17.9

11.1, 24.6

< 0.001

 

 Good

41.7

34.0, 49.4

< 0.001

 

25.6

17.0, 34.2

< 0.001

 

21.9

11.6, 32.2

< 0.001

 

26.0

19.2, 32.8

< 0.001

 

 Very good

52.3

44.3, 60.2

< 0.001

 

38.3

29.4, 47.2

< 0.001

 

31.8

21.1, 42.5

< 0.001

 

34.1

27.1, 41.1

< 0.001

 

Diagnosis

   

3

   

1

   

7

   

2

 Turner

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

0.0

   

 Klinefelter

−0.7

−3.3; 1.9

0.593

 

1.8

−1.1, 4.7

0.221

 

−4.4

−7.9, −1-0

0.012

 

−1.8

−4.1, 0.5

0.124

 

 CAH

−3.2

−5.6; −0.7

0.012

 

1.7

−1.0, 4.5

0.219

 

−1.6

−4.9, 1.8

0.360

 

0.4

−1.8, 2.6

0.698

 

 XY-DSD female

1.1

−1.5; 3.7

0.398

 

−0.7

−3.6, 2.2

0.630

 

−4.8

−8.3, −1.4

0.006

 

0.2

−2.1, 2.4

0.893

 

 XY-DSD male

3.2

−0.2; 6.6

0.066

 

0.9

−2.9, 4.7

0.647

 

−7.9

−12.5, −3.4

< 0.001

 

−0.6

− 3.6, 2.4

0.678

 

Model fit

R2 (%)

45

R2 (%)

28

R2 (%)

23

R2 (%)

33