From: Feeling good in old age: factors explaining health-related quality of life
N | Total | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ VAS – Intervalsa | 2264 | ≤ 40 | 41–55 | 56–70 | > 70 | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 2264 | 85.9 (4.3) | 86.0 (4.6) | 85.4 (4.3) | 84.6 (3.9) | 84.5 (4.4) |
Age groups | 2264 | |||||
80–84 | 52.0 | 42.8 | 48.8 | 57.5 | 59.9 | |
85–89 | 31.6 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 30.0 | 26.4 | |
90+ | 16.4 | 22.8 | 16.4 | 12.5 | 13.7 | |
Sex | 2264 | |||||
Men | 35.6 | 29.7 | 30.7 | 38.9 | 44.7 | |
Women | 64.4 | 70.3 | 69.3 | 61.1 | 55.3 | |
Level of education | 2260 | |||||
Low | 86.5 | 92.4 | 88.6 | 84.4 | 79.4 | |
Middle or high | 13.5 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 20.6 | |
Social class | 2221 | |||||
Low | 75.5 | 80.4 | 77.3 | 75.4 | 66.6 | |
Middle or high | 24.5 | 19.6 | 22.7 | 24.6 | 33.4 | |
Household size | 2264 | |||||
Living alone | 27.8 | 20.5 | 31.4 | 32.2 | 26.9 | |
More than one member | 72.2 | 79.5 | 68.6 | 67.9 | 73.1 | |
Level of sensory loss | 2264 | |||||
0 | 67.6 | 48.3 | 65.2 | 77.1 | 82.9 | |
1 | 19.7 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 16.2 | 13.2 | |
2 | 8.6 | 17.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 3.5 | |
3 | 2.7 | 6.5 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
4 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.0 | |
Level of functional loss | 2264 | |||||
0 | 38.4 | 10.6 | 30.1 | 52.1 | 65.8 | |
1 | 17.1 | 11.1 | 17.5 | 22.4 | 17.0 | |
2 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 19.5 | 12.9 | 7.5 | |
3 | 30.5 | 63.2 | 32.9 | 12.6 | 9.7 | |
Number of chronic diseases, mean (SD) | 2264 | 7.2 (4.0) | 9.5 (4.0) | 7.7 (3.6) | 6.3 (3.5) | 4.9 (3.2) |
Falls in the previous 12 months | 2264 | |||||
0 | 79.0 | 71.1 | 77.3 | 83.2 | 85.2 | |
> =1 | 21.0 | 28.9 | 22.7 | 16.8 | 14.8 | |
Needs help for ADL | 2264 | |||||
Yes | 51.5 | 87.2 | 60.3 | 32.7 | 20.6 | |
No | 48.5 | 12.8 | 39.7 | 67.3 | 79.4 | |
Usual physical activity | 1552 | |||||
Highly active | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | |
Moderately active | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | |
Slightly active | 34.7 | 14.1 | 24.5 | 42.0 | 52.9 | |
Minimally active | 8.1 | 5.2 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 7.8 | |
Sedentary | 56.3 | 80.3 | 65.9 | 47.5 | 37.7 | |
Number of prescription drugs in the last 2 days, mean (SD) | 2264 | 4.1 (2.6) | 5.3 (2.8) | 4.5 (2.3) | 3.6 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.2) |
Risk Factors | ||||||
Body mass index | 2264 | |||||
Normal or overweight | 83.1 | 77.0 | 77.6 | 87.8 | 91.1 | |
Underweight or obesity | 16.9 | 33.0 | 32.4 | 12.2 | 8.9 | |
Smoking | 1697 | |||||
Current smoker | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.4 | |
Former smoker | 16.6 | 12.2 | 16.7 | 23.1 | 19.8 | |
Never smoked | 78.6 | 84.5 | 80.9 | 74.5 | 76.8 | |
Drinking | 1697 | |||||
Non-drinker | 52.7 | 65.5 | 57.0 | 50.8 | 39.9 | |
Moderate drinker | 46.6 | 34.5 | 42.3 | 48.5 | 58.8 | |
At-risk drinker | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 | |
Hospitalization in the last 12 months | 2262 | |||||
Yes | 17.4 | 28.8 | 18.8 | 10.7 | 10.4 | |
No | 82.6 | 71.2 | 81.2 | 89.3 | 89.6 | |
Number of emergency visits in the last 12 months, mean (SD) | 2257 | 0.7 (1.6) | 1.3 (2.5) | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8) |