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Table 2 Individual characteristics according to the quartiles of the EQ-VAS score. Individuals aged 80-plus

From: Feeling good in old age: factors explaining health-related quality of life

 

N

Total

I1

I2

I3

I4

EQ VAS – Intervalsa

2264

 

≤ 40

41–55

56–70

>  70

Age in years, mean (SD)

2264

85.9 (4.3)

86.0 (4.6)

85.4 (4.3)

84.6 (3.9)

84.5 (4.4)

Age groups

2264

     

 80–84

 

52.0

42.8

48.8

57.5

59.9

 85–89

 

31.6

34.4

34.8

30.0

26.4

 90+

 

16.4

22.8

16.4

12.5

13.7

Sex

2264

     

 Men

 

35.6

29.7

30.7

38.9

44.7

 Women

 

64.4

70.3

69.3

61.1

55.3

Level of education

2260

     

 Low

 

86.5

92.4

88.6

84.4

79.4

 Middle or high

 

13.5

7.3

11.4

15.6

20.6

Social class

2221

     

 Low

 

75.5

80.4

77.3

75.4

66.6

 Middle or high

 

24.5

19.6

22.7

24.6

33.4

Household size

2264

     

 Living alone

 

27.8

20.5

31.4

32.2

26.9

 More than one member

 

72.2

79.5

68.6

67.9

73.1

Level of sensory loss

2264

     

 0

 

67.6

48.3

65.2

77.1

82.9

 1

 

19.7

24.6

23.8

16.2

13.2

 2

 

8.6

17.6

6.4

5.6

3.5

 3

 

2.7

6.5

2.8

0.6

0.4

 4

 

1.4

3.0

1.8

0.5

0.0

Level of functional loss

2264

     

 0

 

38.4

10.6

30.1

52.1

65.8

 1

 

17.1

11.1

17.5

22.4

17.0

 2

 

14.0

15.1

19.5

12.9

7.5

 3

 

30.5

63.2

32.9

12.6

9.7

Number of chronic diseases, mean (SD)

2264

7.2 (4.0)

9.5 (4.0)

7.7 (3.6)

6.3 (3.5)

4.9 (3.2)

Falls in the previous 12 months

2264

     

 0

 

79.0

71.1

77.3

83.2

85.2

  > =1

 

21.0

28.9

22.7

16.8

14.8

Needs help for ADL

2264

     

 Yes

 

51.5

87.2

60.3

32.7

20.6

 No

 

48.5

12.8

39.7

67.3

79.4

Usual physical activity

1552

     

 Highly active

 

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.6

 Moderately active

 

0.7

0.3

0.7

0.8

1.1

 Slightly active

 

34.7

14.1

24.5

42.0

52.9

 Minimally active

 

8.1

5.2

8.9

9.4

7.8

 Sedentary

 

56.3

80.3

65.9

47.5

37.7

Number of prescription drugs in the last 2 days, mean (SD)

2264

4.1 (2.6)

5.3 (2.8)

4.5 (2.3)

3.6 (2.3)

2.9 (2.2)

Risk Factors

 Body mass index

2264

     

  Normal or overweight

 

83.1

77.0

77.6

87.8

91.1

  Underweight or obesity

 

16.9

33.0

32.4

12.2

8.9

 Smoking

1697

     

  Current smoker

 

2.8

3.2

2.4

2.3

3.4

  Former smoker

 

16.6

12.2

16.7

23.1

19.8

  Never smoked

 

78.6

84.5

80.9

74.5

76.8

 Drinking

1697

     

  Non-drinker

 

52.7

65.5

57.0

50.8

39.9

  Moderate drinker

 

46.6

34.5

42.3

48.5

58.8

  At-risk drinker

 

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.8

1.3

Hospitalization in the last 12 months

2262

     

 Yes

 

17.4

28.8

18.8

10.7

10.4

 No

 

82.6

71.2

81.2

89.3

89.6

Number of emergency visits in the last 12 months, mean (SD)

2257

0.7 (1.6)

1.3 (2.5)

0.7 (1.3)

0.5 (0.9)

0.4 (0.8)

  1. Source: ESCA 2011–2016
  2. Numbers are percentages (%) unless otherwise stated. SD: standard deviation. EQ-VAS: EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale. I1, I2, I3 and I4 represent the intervals delimited by the EQ-VAS quartiles
  3. aIndividuals with EQ-VAS score coinciding with a quartile value are assigned to the lower interval