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Table 2 Parent- and Child-Reported PedsQL Scores of Patients With CDH and Control Participantsa

From: Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a cross-sectional study

 

Participants With CDH

Healthy Control Participants

Estimated Difference (CDH–Control)b

Assessment

n

Mean Score (SD)

n

Mean Score (SD)

Estimate

95% CI

P Value

Parent report

 Overall score

45

81.2 (14.8)

90

89.2 (6.4)

−8.2

−11.7 to − 4.7

< 0.001

 Physical health summary

45

82.2 (17.0)

90

90.5 (8.4)

−8.3

−12.5 to −4.1

< 0.001

 Psychosocial health summary

45

80.1 (15.4)

90

88.5 (6.9)

−8.5

−12.2 to −4.7

< 0.001

  Emotional

45

75.8 (15.2)

90

83.1 (11.0)

−8.0

−12.5 to −3.5

< 0.001

  Social

45

85.6 (19.5)

90

93.2 (8.8)

−7.3

−11.9 to −2.8

0.002

  School

37

79.3 (21.2)

74

91.0 (9.3)

−11.5

−17.2 to −5.8

< 0.001

 Cognitivec

8

90.6 (11.1)

16

92.8 (9.9)

−1.8

−10.8 to 7.2

0.69

Child report

 Overall score

28

75.0 (13.9)

60

85.4 (8.8)

−10.7

−15.6 to − 5.9

< 0.001

 Physical health summary

28

74.7 (16.5)

60

84.8 (11.6)

−10.7

− 16.7 to −4.7

< 0.001

 Psychosocial health summary

28

75.4 (14.6)

60

85.6 (8.9)

−10.3

− 15.4 to −5.3

< 0.001

  Emotional

28

69.6 (16.6)

60

79.8 (13.5)

−10.8

−17.4 to −4.2

0.002

  Social

28

82.7 (18.3)

60

89.9 (9.9)

−6.9

−12.9 to − 1.0

0.02

  School

28

73.2 (19.6)

60

86.8 (10.9)

−13.9

−20.4 to −7.4

< 0.001

  1. CDH Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, PedsQL Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, SD Standard deviation
  2. a Patients with CDH had a mean (SD) age of 8.2 (5.7) years and consisted of 29 males (64%) and 16 females (36%). Control participants had a mean (SD) age of 8.4 (6.1) years and consisted of 40 males (44%) and 50 females (56%)
  3. b The difference between patients with CDH and control was estimated using multiple regression with group (CDH vs. control) as the explanatory variable of interest and age group and sex included as adjustor variables
  4. cOnly reported by the parents of 1- to 24-month-old infants. For this age group, the psychosocial health summary score is calculated as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered in the emotional, social, and cognitive functioning scales