Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic, Disease, and Surgical Characteristics of Patients With CDH at Birth (n = 45)

Characteristic	Value
Prenatal diagnosis, n (%)	12 (26.7)
Male sex, n (%)	29 (64.4)
Gestational age, mean (SD), weeks	38.7 (2)
Birth weight, mean (SD), kg	3.11 (0.53)
Apgar score at 5 min, mean (SD)	7.8 (2.2)
Probability of survival, n (%)
High (67%–100%)	31 (68.9)
Intermediate (34%–66%)	12 (26.7)
Low (0%–33%)	2 (4.4)
CDH side, n (%)^a
Left	39 (86.7)
Right	6 (13.3)
Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), days	28 (18–57)
Congenital anomalies, n (%)	25 (55.6)
Cardiovascular^b	7 (15.6)
Renal^c	4 (8.9)
Gastrointestinal^d	4 (8.9)
Skeletal^e	7 (15.6)
Other^f	3 (6.7)

CDH Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard deviation
^a Seven patients with left-sided CDH were “liver up”; all 6 patients with right-sided CDH were “liver up”
^b Includes patent foramen ovale (n = 1), atrial septal defect II (n = 3), and patent ductus arteriosus (n = 3)
^c Includes hydronephrosis (n = 2), multicystic kidney (n = 1), and hypoplastic kidney (n = 1)
^d Includes accessory spleen (n = 2) and Meckel diverticulum (n = 2)
^e Includes foot deformities (n = 3) and abnormal number of ribs (n = 4)
^f Includes macroglossia (n = 1), neck fistula (n = 1), and preauricular tag (n = 1)

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