Table 2 Bivariate analysis between the factors and the CPQ11–14
From: The factors that influence oral health-related quality of life in 15-year-old children
|  |  | OS | FL | EWB | SWB | CPQ11–14 total score |  | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P |
Gender | ||||||||||||||||
 F | 186 | 7.35(2.87) | 7.00(4) | 0.168 | 5.03(4.02) | 4.50(5) | 0.202 | 6.38(5.70) | 5.00(8) | 0.000** | 3.73(4.63) | 2.00(5) | 0.008** | 22.48(14.15) | 19.00(18) | 0.022* |
 M | 178 | 7.70(3.05) | 8.00(5) | 4.49(3.81) | 4.00(6) | 4.48(5.35) | 2.00(8) | 3.14(4.72) | 1.00(4) | 19.81(14.03) | 16.00(18) | |||||
 Total | 364 | 7.52(2.96) | 8.00(5) |  | 4.77(3.92) | 4.00(5) |  | 5.45(5.61) | 3.50(8) |  | 3.44(4.68) | 2.00(4) |  | 21.18(14.13) | 18.00(19) |  |
Father’s education | ||||||||||||||||
 Primary school graduate or below | 58 | 7.76(3.02) | 8.00(4) | 0.843 | 5.19(4.17) | 3.00(6) | 0.704 | 6.86(6.51) | 5.00(10) | 0.258 | 4.19(5.30) | 2.00(6) | 0.335 | 24.00(15.46) | 19.50(22) | 0.293 |
 Secondary school graduate or below | 239 | 7.48(2.85) | 8.00(3) | 4.76(3.96) | 4.00(6) | 5.26(5.51) | 3.00(8) | 3.33(4.45) | 2.00(4) | 20.82(13.92) | 17.00(18) | |||||
 College graduate or above | 67 | 7.46(3.31) | 8.00(5) | 4.45(3.59) | 4.00(4) | 4.91(4.95) | 3.00(7) | 3.16(4.91) | 1.00(5) | 19.99(13.58) | 16.00(17) | |||||
Mother’s education | ||||||||||||||||
 Primary school graduate or below | 57 | 8.07(3.03) | 8.00(5) | 0.035* | 4.82(3.93) | 4.00(6) | 0.509 | 6.40(6.08) | 5.00(9) | 0.356 | 3.54(4.63) | 2.00(5) | 0.675 | 22.84(14.33) | 18.00(20) | 0.270 |
 Secondary school graduate or below | 264 | 7.33(2.90) | 7.00(4) | 4.70(3.91) | 4.00(6) | 5.27(5.57) | 3.00(8) | 3.48(4.85) | 2.00(4) | 20.78(14.34) | 17.00(19) | |||||
 College graduate or above | 43 | 7.98(3.18) | 8.00(6) | 5.09(4.09) | 4.00(5) | 5.30(5.15) | 3.00(8) | 3.02(3.65) | 2.00(5) | 21.40(12.64) | 19.00(16) | |||||
Household income | ||||||||||||||||
 Below HK$10,000 | 52 | 8.27(2.71) | 8.00(4) | 0.057 | 4.96(4.43) | 3.00(7) | 0.395 | 5.73(5.80) | 4.00(8) | 0.865 | 3.42(4.77) | 1.00(4) | 0.932 | 22.38(15.07) | 18.00(20) | 0.880 |
 HK$10,001-HK$20,000 | 149 | 7.20(2.92) | 7.00(4) | 4.38(3.63) | 4.00(5) | 5.72(5.70) | 4.00(8) | 3.36(4.15) | 2.00(4) | 20.65(13.35) | 17.00(18) | |||||
 HK$20,001-HK$30,000 | 61 | 7.34(3.02) | 7.00(5) | 4.70(4.04) | 4.00(5) | 5.48(6.11) | 3.00(10) | 3.48(4.96) | 1.00(5) | 21.00(15.60) | 18.00(20) | |||||
 HK$30,001-HK$40,000 | 39 | 8.51(2.99) | 9.00(5) | 5.69(3.83) | 6.00(7) | 5.18(5.70) | 2.00(8) | 3.64(5.71) | 1.00(5) | 23.03(15.25) | 16.00(18) | |||||
 Over HK$40,001 | 63 | 7.21(3.04) | 7.00(4) | 5.03(4.08) | 4.00(6) | 4.71(4.68) | 3.00(9) | 3.49(4.94) | 2.00(5) | 20.44(13.23) | 19.00(18) | |||||
Periodontal status | ||||||||||||||||
 CPI score = 0 | 27 | 6.63(2.75) | 6.00(4) | 0.095 | 4.26(4.48) | 2.00(6) | 0.247 | 4.85(5.97) | 3.00(5) | 0.533 | 2.11(2.74) | 1.00(4) | 0.285 | 17.85(12.28) | 14.00(17) | 0.209 |
 CPI score > 0 | 337 | 7.59(2.97) | 8.00(5) | 4.81(3.88) | 4.00(5) | 5.50(5.58) | 4.00(8) | 3.55(4.79) | 2.00(5) | 21.44(14.25) | 18.00(18) | |||||
 CPI score < 2 | 61 | 6.92(2.74) | 6.00(4) | 0.083 | 4.43(4.16) | 3.00(5) | 0.287 | 4.34(5.04) | 3.00(7) | 0.114 | 2.20(3.65) | 1.00(3) | 0.024* | 17.89(11.68) | 15.00(16) | 0.064 |
 CPI score = 2 | 303 | 7.64(2.99) | 8.00(4) | 4.84(3.88) | 4.00(5) | 5.67(5.69) | 4.00(8) | 3.69(4.83) | 2.00(5) | 21.84(14.50) | 18.00(19) | |||||
Caries experience | ||||||||||||||||
 < SiC Index value | 317 | 7.51(3.00) | 8.00(5) | 0.814 | 4.84(3.93) | 4.00(5) | 0.349 | 5.42(5.60) | 3.00(8) | 0.968 | 3.38(4.55) | 2.00(4) | 0.590 | 21.14(13.99) | 18.00(19) | 0.968 |
 > =SiC Index value | 47 | 7.60(2.72) | 8.00(4) | 4.32(3.89) | 3.00(5) | 5.64(5.73) | 4.00(9) | 3.85(5.53) | 2.00(5) | 21.40(15.24) | 16.00(17) | |||||
IOTN (DHC) treatment need | ||||||||||||||||
 No need | 194 | 7.69(3.02) | 8.00(5) | 0.209 | 4.49(4.05) | 3.00(6) | 0.146 | 5.39(5.59) | 4.00(9) | 0.900 | 3.31(4.69) | 1.00(4) | 0.234 | 20.88(14.33) | 18.00(18) | 0.847 |
 Borderline need | 78 | 7.06(2.84) | 7.00(4) | 5.19(3.94) | 4.00(5) | 5.56(5.87) | 3.50(9) | 3.99(4.95) | 2.00(5) | 21.81(14.71) | 15.00(22) | |||||
 Definite need | 92 | 7.55(2.94) | 7.00(4) | 4.99(3.62) | 4.50(6) | 5.48(5.47) | 3.00(9) | 3.25(4.41) | 1.50(4) | 21.27(13.33) | 17.50(18) | |||||
IOTN (AC) treatment need | ||||||||||||||||
 No need | 290 | 7.39(2.95) | 7.00(4) | 0.203 | 4.70(3.97) | 4.00(6) | 0.301 | 5.26(5.53) | 3.00(8) | 0.468 | 3.41(4.64) | 1.00(5) | 0.575 | 20.76(14.04) | 17.00(18) | 0.388 |
 Borderline need | 50 | 8.06(2.96) | 8.00(4) | 4.80(4.00) | 4.00(5) | 6.00(5.91) | 4.00(10) | 3.74(5.17) | 2.00(4) | 22.60(15.42) | 18.50(21) | |||||
 Definite need | 24 | 8.00(3.09) | 8.50(6) | 5.54(3.20) | 5.00(5) | 6.54(5.95) | 5.00(12) | 3.17(4.26) | 2.00(4) | 23.25(12.65) | 19.00(20) | |||||
DAI | ||||||||||||||||
 Normal or minor malocclusion-no treatment need or slight need | 153 | 7.31(2.98) | 7.00(5) | 0.049* | 4.35(3.80) | 4.00(6) | 0.176 | 5.07(5.17) | 3.00(9) | 0.214 | 3.17(4.31) | 1.00(4) | 0.088 | 19.91(13.29) | 18.00(18) | 0.060 |
 Definite malocclusion-treatment selective | 111 | 7.89(3.20) | 8.00(4) | 5.06(4.15) | 4.00(6) | 5.79(6.01) | 4.00(9) | 4.11(5.36) | 2.00(6) | 22.86(15.74) | 18.00(22) | |||||
 Severe malocclusion-treatment highly desirable | 65 | 6.94(2.67) | 6.00(4) | 4.78(3.93) | 3.00(6) | 5.02(5.95) | 3.00(7) | 2.66(4.13) | 1.00(4) | 19.40(13.56) | 14.00(17) | |||||
 Very severe (handicapping) malocclusion-treatment mandatory | 35 | 8.31(2.37) | 8.00(4) | 5.63(3.61) | 5.00(5) | 6.80(5.43) | 7.00(9) | 3.94(4.72) | 2.00(4) | 24.69(12.64) | 23.00(17) | |||||
ICON treatment need | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 241 | 7.40(3.05) | 7.00(5) | 0.319 | 4.55(3.97) | 4.00(6) | 0.061 | 5.29(5.62) | 3.00(9) | 0.291 | 3.51(4.75) | 2.00(5) | 0.519 | 20.74(14.42) | 17.00(19) | 0.207 |
 Yes | 123 | 7.76(2.77) | 8.00(4) | 5.20(3.81) | 5.00(6) | 5.76(5.58) | 4.00(9) | 3.31(4.56) | 2.00(4) | 22.02(13.57) | 18.00(19) | |||||
ICON complexity | ||||||||||||||||
 Easy | 103 | 7.41(3.11) | 8.00(5) | 0.329 | 3.94(3.66) | 3.00(5) | 0.079 | 4.70(5.26) | 2.00(8) | 0.300 | 2.78(4.12) | 1.00(4) | 0.306 | 18.83(13.17) | 16.00(18) | 0.213 |
 Mild | 188 | 7.36(2.89) | 7.00(4) | 5.06(4.05) | 4.00(6) | 5.49(5.58) | 4.00(8) | 3.89(5.11) | 2.00(5) | 21.80(14.60) | 18.00(18) | |||||
 Moderate | 34 | 7.97(3.02) | 8.00(4) | 5.06(4.61) | 4.00(9) | 6.00(6.36) | 3.00(11) | 2.88(4.03) | 1.00(4) | 21.91(15.51) | 15.50(26) | |||||
 Difficult | 21 | 8.52(2.70) | 9.00(4) | 5.00(2.57) | 5.00(4) | 6.71(5.64) | 5.00(9) | 3.19(3.99) | 2.00(5) | 23.43(11.95) | 20.00(16) | |||||
 Very difficult | 18 | 7.78(3.04) | 8.50(5) | 5.61(3.53) | 5.00(5) | 6.78(6.25) | 6.00(12) | 3.89(4.68) | 2.00(3) | 24.06(13.81) | 21.50(26) | |||||
PAR | ||||||||||||||||
 Almost ideal or Acceptable occlusion | 188 | 7.38(3.15) | 7.00(5) | 0.397 | 4.30(3.87) | 3.00(5) | 0.010* | 5.08(5.60) | 3.00(9) | 0.078 | 3.16(4.55) | 1.00(4) | 0.049* | 19.93(14.19) | 17.00(18) | 0.031* |
 Malocclusion | 176 | 7.66(2.75) | 8.00(4) | 5.27(3.93) | 4.50(6) | 5.84(5.60) | 4.00(9) | 3.73(4.81) | 2.00(5) | 22.51(13.99) | 18.00(18) | |||||