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Table 2 Association between metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal conditions with the health related quality of life among individuals ≥20 years in South Australia, 2015 (N = 2912)

From: Individual diseases or clustering of health conditions? Association between multiple chronic diseases and health-related quality of life in adults

 

%

Physical component score

Mental component score

  

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

   

Model 1

Model 2

 

Model 1

Model 2

  

Mean difference (SE)

Mean difference (SE)

Mean difference (SE)

Mean difference (SE)

Mean difference (SE)

Mean difference (SE)

Metabolic conditions

Obesity*

25.3

-5.2 (0.5)a

−3.6 (0.5)a

−2.3 (0.4)a

−0.9 (0.4)c

−0.3 (0.4)

0.0 (0.4)

Dyslipidaemia

16.9

−7.3 (0.6)a

−2.5 (0.6)a

−0.3 (0.6)

0.3 (0.5)

0.0 (0.4)

0.0 (0.5)

Diabetes

9.3

−7.8 (0.7)a

−3.7 (0.6)a

−2.2 (0.6)b

−0.6 (0.6)

−0.1 (0.5)

−0.2 (0.5)

Cardiovascular conditions

Hypertension

22.4

−7.6 (0.6)a

−2.8 (0.7)a

−1.1 (0.6)

1.3 (0.4)b

0.8 (0.4)

1.0 (0.5)

Heart attack

5.2

−9.4 (1.0)a

−3.7 (1.0)a

−1.7 (1.2)

0.4 (0.7)

−0.8 (0.7)

−0.9 (0.8)

Atrial fibrillation

3.2

−8.4 (1.2)a

−4.0 (1.1)a

−2.7 (1.0)b

0.9 (0.9)

−0.1 (0.9)

0.1 (0.9)

Angina

2.3

−12.1 (1.5)a

−5.2 (1.3)a

−1.7 (1.2)

−1.1 (1.3)

−0.4 (1.1)

0.2 (1.2)

Stroke

1.7

−13.0 (1.3)a

−6.5 (1.6)a

−4.2 (1.7)c

−1.7 (1.5)

−1.3 (1.5)

−1.3 (1.5)

Heart failure

1.0

−14.9 (1.6)a

−9.1 (1.6)a

−6.1 (1.5)a

1.0 (1.4)

−0.2 (1.3)

0.2 (1.4)

Gastrointestinal conditions

Gastroesophageal reflux

8.4

−6.1 (0.9)a

−3.3 (0.7)a

−1.7 (0.7)c

−2.3 (0.8)b

−1.1 (0.7)

−0.8 (0.7)

Irritable bowel syndrome

7.9

−4.7 (0.9)a

−2.9 (0.7)a

−1.7 (0.7)c

−3.3 (0.7)a

−1.9 (0.6)b

−1.7 (0.6)b

Ulcerative colitis

0.9

−5.0 (2.6)

−2.2 (2.2)

−0.9 (1.8)

−6.0 (1.7)b

−5.0 (1.7)b

−4.5 (1.7)b

Crohn’s disease

0.8

−4.7 (3.1)

−3.7 (2.7)

−3.0 (2.5)

−2.4 (2.4)

−1.2 (1.8)

−0.1 (1.6)

Coeliac disease

0.7

−1.7 (2.1)

−1.9 (1.6)

−1.7 (1.9)

−0.6 (0.6)

−0.1 (1.1)

0.4 (1.1)

Musculoskeletal conditions

Osteoarthritis

25.6

−10.4 (0.5)a

−7.1 (0.5)a

−6.1 (0.5)a

−0.6 (0.5)

0.0 (0.5)

0.2 (0.5)

Gout

6.1

−5.3 (0.9)a

−1.9 (0.9)c

−0.1 (0.9)

0.3 (0.7)

−0.9 (0.6)

−0.8 (0.6)

Osteoporosis

5.2

−8.7 (0.9)a

−3.1 (0.8)a

−2.1 (0.7)b

−1.2 (0.8)

−1.4 (0.7)

−1.5 (0.7)c

  1. *Obesity was defined as having a BMI ≥ 30, based on self-reported data for weight and height
  2. Model 1: predicted means adjusted for sex, age, marital status, area of residence, educational level, working status, socioeconomic position (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantaged), fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and mental health status
  3. Model 2: predicted means adjusted for variables in model 1 + mutual adjustment between chronic conditions
  4. Associations with a p-value a < 0.001; b < 0.01; c < 0.05
  5. Crude R2 for PCS and MCS were: Obesity 4.8% and 0.2%; Dyslipidaemia 7.0% and 0.02%; Diabetes 4.7% and 0.04%; Hypertension 9.2% and 0.4%; Heart attack 4.0% and 0.01%; Atrial fibrillation 2.0% and 0.03%; Angina 3.1% and 0.03%; Stroke 2.6% and 0.1%; Heart failure 2.0% and 0.01%; Gastroesophageal reflux 2.7% and 0.5%; Irritable bowel syndrome 1.5% and 1.1%; Ulcerative colitis 0.2% and 0.4%; Chron’s disease 0.2% and 0.1%; Coeliac disease 0.02% and 0.01%; Osteoarthritis 19.2% and 0.1%; Gout 1.5% and 0.01%; Osteoporosis 3.5% and 0.1%. Adjusted R2 for models including just sociodemographic, lifestyle, and mental health status variables were 27.2% for PCS and 23.4% for MCS, while R2 for full models with mutual adjustment of all conditions (Model 2) were 38.1% and 24.4%, respectively