Initial psychometric validation of the questionnaire on pain caused by spasticity (QPS)

Table 5 QPS Score correlation to AS and MTS at baseline visit (V2)

QPS module	AS, mean of main muscle group^a		MTS^b
Expected association	Higher AS score relates to greater spasticity impairment and higher QPS score		Larger MTS spasticity angle relates to greater spasticity impairment and higher QPS score
	LL	UL	Adducted thigh	Pes equinus	Flexed wrist	Flexed elbow
Child self LL (n = 68)	−0.068	0.052	0.310	0.198	0.319	0.136
Child self UL (n = 30)	−0.468	−0.212	0.455	0.304	0.234	0.042
Child interviewer LL (n = 40)	−0.244	−0.245	0.430	0.448	0.261	−0.224
Child interviewer UL (n = 14)	−0.266	−0.486	0.111	0.771	−0.418	−0.555
Parent LL (n = 125)	−0.242	−0.476	0.335	0.112	0.227	−0.036
Parent UL (n = 52)	−0.574	−0.353	0.435	0.582	0.153	−0.190

QPS Score correlation to the AS for main muscle group angles and MTS for two joints of the upper and lower limb (Pearson correlation coefficients at baseline visit [V2])
Significant associations are shown in bold (p < 0.05)
QPS modules: Self, self-administered; Interviewer, Interviewer-administered
AS Ashworth Scale, LL lower limb, MTS Modified Tardieu Scale, UL upper limb
^aAS scores were combined for each child based on main SRP patterns, as indicated by the investigator. AS score is based on passive range of motion assessment of a joint: 0 = ‘No increase in tone’; 1 = ‘Slight increase in tone giving a ‘catch’ when the limb was moved in flexion or extension’; 2 = ‘More marked increase in tone, but limb easily flexed’; 3 = ‘Considerable increase in tone – passive movements difficult’; 4 = ‘Limb rigid in flexion or extension’
^bThe MTS spasticity angle is the difference between the full range of motion with slow assessment velocity of a joint minus the fast stretch speed angle. MTS data for the left body side is presented for demonstration

ISSN: 1477-7525