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Table 2 Important single item results of QPS modules at baseline visit (V2)

From: Initial psychometric validation of the questionnaire on pain caused by spasticity (QPS)

QPS module, item number and description

Mean (SD)

Range

Floor N (%)

Ceiling N (%)

Missing N (%)

Item-Total Correlation c

Cronbach’s α d

Child self LL n = 68 a

 3. How much did your <limb > hurt when tight

4.4 (2.7)

0–10

5 (7.4%)

5 (7.4%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 5. How much did your <limb > hurt when sitting

0.2 (0.7)

0–4

61 (89.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.322**

0.619

 7. How much did your <limb > hurt when moving

1.0 (1.7)

0–6

49 (72.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.751**

0.385

 9. How much did your <limb > hurt during exercise

5.8 (2.8)

0–10

2 (2.9%)

10 (14.7%)

0 (0.0%)

.761**

0.656

 12. How much did your <limb > hurt hard

1.2 (1.8)

0–6

43 (63.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.788**

0.337

Child self UL n = 30 a

 3. How much did your <limb > hurt when tight

4.4 (2.7)

0–10

2 (6.7%)

2 (6.7%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 5. How much did your <limb > hurt when sitting

0.2 (0.7)

0–4

29 (96.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.392*

0.227

 7. How much did your <limb > hurt when moving

1.0 (1.7)

0–4

25 (83.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.487**

0.168

 9. How much did your <limb > hurt during exercise

5.8 (2.8)

0–10

2 (6.7%)

2 (6.7%)

0 (0.0%)

.653**

0.454

 12. How much did your <limb > hurt hard

1.2 (1.8)

0–10

20 (66.7%)

1 (3.3%)

0 (0.0%)

.745**

0.052

Child interviewer LL n = 40 a

 3. How much did your <limb > hurt when tight

3.6 (2.5)

0–8

7 (17.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 5. How much did your <limb > hurt when sitting

2.0 (2.5)

0–8

22 (55.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.817**

0.701

 7. How much did your <limb > hurt when moving

3.0 (2.2)

0–8

8 (20.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.734**

0.755

 9. How much did your <limb > hurt during exercise

6.6 (2.5)

0–10

1 (2.5%)

4 (10.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.789**

0.734

 12. How much did your <limb > hurt hard

3.3 (1.9)

0–8

4 (10.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.777**

0.715

Child interviewer UL n = 14 a

 3. How much did your <limb > hurt when tight

3.6 (2.5)

0–8

2 (14.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 5. How much did your <limb > hurt when sitting

2.0 (2.5)

0–6

10 (71.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.886**

0.899

 7. How much did your <limb > hurt when moving

3.0 (2.2)

0–6

7 (50.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.867**

0.886

 9. How much did your <limb > hurt during exercise

6.6 (2.5)

2–8

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.913**

0.880

 12. How much did your <limb > hurt hard

3.3 (1.9)

0–6

2 (14.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.908**

0.860

Parent LL, n = 125 b

 2. Hours/day spent in direct contact

17.9 (8.2)

1–24

1 (0.8%)

76 (60.8%)

1 (0.8%)

–

–

 8. Often seen signs of pain when tight

1.7 (1.0)

0–4

20 (16.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.8%)

–

–

 9b. Often seen signs of pain at rest

0.4 (0.6)

0–3

90 (72.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.679**

0.699

 10b. Often seen signs of pain activities

0.9 (0.9)

0–3

51 (40.8%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.6%)

.727**

0.693

 11b. Often seen signs of pain exercise

2.7 (1.0)

0–4

3 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.801**

0.639

 13b. Often seen signs of pain hard thing

1.3 (1.1)

0–4

36 (28.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.800**

0.674

Parent UL, n = 52 b

 2. Hours/day spent in direct contact

19.3 (7.8)

2–24

0 (0.0%)

37 (71.2%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 8. Often seen signs of pain when tight

1.6 (1.0)

0–4

8 (15.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 9b. Often seen signs of pain at rest

0.3 (0.5)

0–2

41 (78.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.531**

0.709

10b. Often seen signs of pain activities

1 (0.9)

0–3

20 (38.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.9%)

.738**

0.627

 11b. Often seen signs of pain exercise

2.4 (0.9)

1–4

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.772**

0.585

 13b. Often seen signs of pain hard thing

1.3 (1.2)

0–4

18 (34.6%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

.842**

0.573

  1. QPS score items are items 5, 7, 9 and 12 for child modules and items 9b, 10b, 11b, and 13b for parent modules
  2. QPS modules: Self, self-administered; Interviewer, interviewer-administered
  3. LL lower limb, UL upper limb, SD standard deviation
  4. aChild/adolescent QPS score range: 0 = ‘no hurt’ to 10 = ‘hurts worst’
  5. bParent QPS score ranges: Item 2, 0–24 h; Items 8–13b, 0 = ‘never’ to 4 = ‘always’
  6. ccorrected Pearson correlations for QPS score; **, significance at 0.01 level
  7. dif item is missing for QPS score