Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by caregiver age
From: Effects of home-based long-term care services on caregiver health according to age
| Variables |
Caregivers aged less than 65 n = 460 |
Caregivers aged 65 or older n = 138 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) / Mean ± SD | n (%) / Mean ± SD | ||
| Family caregivers | |||
| SRH after service use a | 2.86 ± 0.95 | 2.67 ± 0.98 | 0.047 |
| Sex | 0.709 | ||
| Male | 141 (30.7) | 40 (29.0) | |
| Female | 319 (69.3) | 98 (71.0) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Unmarried | 88 (19.3) | 5 (3.6) | |
| Married | 369 (80.7) | 132 (96.4) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | ||
| ≤ Elementary school | 20 (4.3) | 21 (15.2) | |
| Middle school | 29 (6.3) | 27 (19.6) | |
| High school | 144 (31.3) | 44 (31.9) | |
| ≥ College | 267 (58.0) | 46 (33.3) | |
| Relationship with care recipient | <0.001 | ||
| Spouse | 51 (11.1) | 98 (71.0) | |
| Son | 133 (29.0) | 17 (12.3) | |
| Daughter | 179 (39.0) | 14 (10.1) | |
| Daughter-in-law | 71 (15.5) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Others b | 25 (5.4) | 7 (5.1) | |
| Quality of relationship with care recipient | 0.982 | ||
| Very bad | 5 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Bad | 12 (2.6) | 4 (2.9) | |
| Good | 181 (39.9) | 54 (39.7) | |
| Very good | 256 (56.4) | 77 (56.6) | |
| Job | <0.001 | ||
| No | 220 (48.2) | 127 (92.0) | |
| Yes | 236 (51.8) | 11 (8.0) | |
| Household monthly income (NTD) c | 0.013 | ||
| < 30,000 | 53 (15.1) | 21 (27.6) | |
| 30,000–69,999 | 148 (42.2) | 33 (43.4) | |
| ≥ 70,000 | 150 (42.7) | 22 (28.9) | |
| Family income spent on caring for the care recipient (%) | 0.029 | ||
| 20 or below | 126 (30.1) | 25 (20.2) | |
| 21–40 | 128 (30.5) | 34 (27.4) | |
| 41–60 | 103 (24.6) | 34 (27.4) | |
| 61–80 | 34 (8.1) | 14 (11.3) | |
| 81–100 | 28 (6.7) | 17 (13.7) | |
| Caregiving period (years) | 6.30 ± 5.67 | 7.41 ± 6.45 | 0.060 |
| Care recipients | |||
| Age | 0.466 | ||
| 65 or less | 39 (9.5) | 6 (5.0) | |
| 65–74 | 71 (17.3) | 23 (19.3) | |
| 75–84 | 151 (36.8) | 47 (39.5) | |
| 85 or older | 149 (36.3) | 43 (36.1) | |
| Sex | 0.002 | ||
| Male | 174 (42.0) | 70 (58.3) | |
| Female | 240 (58.0) | 50 (41.7) | |
| Marital status | 0.583 | ||
| Unmarried | 14 (3.4) | 6 (5.0) | |
| Married | 400 (96.6) | 114 (95.0) | |
| Education level | 0.002 | ||
| Illiterate | 100 (24.3) | 14 (11.7) | |
| Literate/Primary school | 130 (31.6) | 33 (27.5) | |
| Junior high and above | 182 (44.2) | 73 (60.8) | |
| Living alone | 0.051 | ||
| No | 355 (85.7) | 111 (92.5) | |
| Yes | 59 (14.3) | 9 (7.5) | |
| Number of family members living with care recipient | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 59 (14.5) | 9 (7.5) | |
| 1–3 | 184 (45.1) | 83 (69.2) | |
| 4 or more | 165 (40.4) | 28 (23.3) | |
| Quality of relationship with family | 0.561 | ||
| Very bad | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Bad | 14 (3.4) | 3 (2.5) | |
| Good | 182 (44.7) | 55 (46.2) | |
| Very good | 209 (51.4) | 59 (49.6) | |
| Dependency level | 0.002 | ||
| Intact | 21 (5.1) | 14 (11.7) | |
| Low | 62 (15.0) | 30 (25.0) | |
| Moderate | 284 (68.6) | 65 (54.2) | |
| High | 47 (11.4) | 11 (9.2) | |
| SRH | 2.22 ± 0.95 | 2.32 ± 0.93 | 0.324 |
| Use of home-based services | |||
| Home nursing care | 180 (43.5) | 43 (35.8) | 0.135 |
| Home rehabilitation | 98 (23.8) | 23 (19.2) | 0.299 |
| Home respite care | 55 (13.3) | 14 (11.7) | 0.642 |
| Home service | 192 (46.4) | 74 (61.7) | 0.003 |