Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by caregiver age
From: Effects of home-based long-term care services on caregiver health according to age
Variables | Caregivers aged less than 65 n = 460 | Caregivers aged 65 or older n = 138 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|  | n (%) / Mean ± SD | n (%) / Mean ± SD |  |
Family caregivers | |||
 SRH after service use a | 2.86 ± 0.95 | 2.67 ± 0.98 | 0.047 |
 Sex |  |  | 0.709 |
  Male | 141 (30.7) | 40 (29.0) |  |
  Female | 319 (69.3) | 98 (71.0) |  |
 Marital status |  |  | <0.001 |
  Unmarried | 88 (19.3) | 5 (3.6) |  |
  Married | 369 (80.7) | 132 (96.4) |  |
 Education level |  |  | <0.001 |
   ≤ Elementary school | 20 (4.3) | 21 (15.2) |  |
  Middle school | 29 (6.3) | 27 (19.6) |  |
  High school | 144 (31.3) | 44 (31.9) |  |
   ≥ College | 267 (58.0) | 46 (33.3) |  |
 Relationship with care recipient |  |  | <0.001 |
  Spouse | 51 (11.1) | 98 (71.0) |  |
  Son | 133 (29.0) | 17 (12.3) |  |
  Daughter | 179 (39.0) | 14 (10.1) |  |
  Daughter-in-law | 71 (15.5) | 2 (1.4) |  |
  Others b | 25 (5.4) | 7 (5.1) |  |
 Quality of relationship with care recipient |  |  | 0.982 |
  Very bad | 5 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) |  |
  Bad | 12 (2.6) | 4 (2.9) |  |
  Good | 181 (39.9) | 54 (39.7) |  |
  Very good | 256 (56.4) | 77 (56.6) |  |
 Job |  |  | <0.001 |
  No | 220 (48.2) | 127 (92.0) |  |
  Yes | 236 (51.8) | 11 (8.0) |  |
 Household monthly income (NTD) c |  |  | 0.013 |
   < 30,000 | 53 (15.1) | 21 (27.6) |  |
  30,000–69,999 | 148 (42.2) | 33 (43.4) |  |
   ≥ 70,000 | 150 (42.7) | 22 (28.9) |  |
 Family income spent on caring for the care recipient (%) |  |  | 0.029 |
  20 or below | 126 (30.1) | 25 (20.2) |  |
  21–40 | 128 (30.5) | 34 (27.4) |  |
  41–60 | 103 (24.6) | 34 (27.4) |  |
  61–80 | 34 (8.1) | 14 (11.3) |  |
  81–100 | 28 (6.7) | 17 (13.7) |  |
 Caregiving period (years) | 6.30 ± 5.67 | 7.41 ± 6.45 | 0.060 |
Care recipients | |||
 Age |  |  | 0.466 |
  65 or less | 39 (9.5) | 6 (5.0) |  |
  65–74 | 71 (17.3) | 23 (19.3) |  |
  75–84 | 151 (36.8) | 47 (39.5) |  |
  85 or older | 149 (36.3) | 43 (36.1) |  |
 Sex |  |  | 0.002 |
  Male | 174 (42.0) | 70 (58.3) |  |
  Female | 240 (58.0) | 50 (41.7) |  |
 Marital status |  |  | 0.583 |
  Unmarried | 14 (3.4) | 6 (5.0) |  |
  Married | 400 (96.6) | 114 (95.0) |  |
 Education level |  |  | 0.002 |
  Illiterate | 100 (24.3) | 14 (11.7) |  |
  Literate/Primary school | 130 (31.6) | 33 (27.5) |  |
  Junior high and above | 182 (44.2) | 73 (60.8) |  |
 Living alone |  |  | 0.051 |
  No | 355 (85.7) | 111 (92.5) |  |
  Yes | 59 (14.3) | 9 (7.5) |  |
 Number of family members living with care recipient |  |  | <0.001 |
  0 | 59 (14.5) | 9 (7.5) |  |
  1–3 | 184 (45.1) | 83 (69.2) |  |
  4 or more | 165 (40.4) | 28 (23.3) |  |
 Quality of relationship with family |  |  | 0.561 |
  Very bad | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.7) |  |
  Bad | 14 (3.4) | 3 (2.5) |  |
  Good | 182 (44.7) | 55 (46.2) |  |
  Very good | 209 (51.4) | 59 (49.6) |  |
 Dependency level |  |  | 0.002 |
  Intact | 21 (5.1) | 14 (11.7) |  |
  Low | 62 (15.0) | 30 (25.0) |  |
  Moderate | 284 (68.6) | 65 (54.2) |  |
  High | 47 (11.4) | 11 (9.2) |  |
 SRH | 2.22 ± 0.95 | 2.32 ± 0.93 | 0.324 |
Use of home-based services | |||
 Home nursing care | 180 (43.5) | 43 (35.8) | 0.135 |
 Home rehabilitation | 98 (23.8) | 23 (19.2) | 0.299 |
 Home respite care | 55 (13.3) | 14 (11.7) | 0.642 |
 Home service | 192 (46.4) | 74 (61.7) | 0.003 |