Psychometric properties of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) in Urdu

Table 2 Comparison of the DSMQ self-care activities in patients with HbA1c ≤ 7.5%, from 7.6 to 8.9% and ≥9.0%

DSMQ	HbA1c ≤ 7.5%	Sign.^a	HbA1c 7.6–8.9%	Sign.^b	HbA1c ≥ 9.0%	Sign.^c	ANOVA
self-care activities	(n = 49)		(n = 35)		(n = 46)		P-value
Glucose Management	8.18 ± 1.46	‡	4.04 ± 1.71	ns	3.23 ± 2.22	‡	< 0.001
Dietary Control	7.72 ± 1.30	‡	3.62 ± 1.88	*	2.74 ± 1.55	‡	< 0.001
Physical Activity	6.96 ± 1.97	‡	2.79 ± 2.35	ns	1.81 ± 1.86	‡	< 0.001
Health-Care Use	7.14 ± 1.62	‡	4.03 ± 2.22	ns	3.45 ± 1.99	‡	< 0.001
Sum Scale	7.64 ± 1.16	‡	3.63 ± 1.74	ns	2.81 ± 1.58	‡	< 0.001

Data are M ± SD. Tests were One-way ANOVA and Scheffé Test for post-hoc group comparisons. Scheffé Test significance is expressed: *p < 0.05; ‡p < 0.001; ns, not significant
DSMQ, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
^aregards comparison between the first and second group
^bregards comparison between the second and third group
^cregards comparison between the third and first group

ISSN: 1477-7525