Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample (N = 130)
From: Psychometric properties of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) in Urdu
Parameter | n (%) or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 55 (42.4) |
Female | 75 (57.6) |
Age (years) | 51.3 ± 10.4 |
30–45 years | 33 (25.4) |
45–60 years | 72 (55.4) |
> 60 years | 25 (19.2) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 6.2 |
Education | |
No Formal Education | 50 (38.5) |
Primary level | 13 (10) |
Secondary level | 33 (25.4) |
University Level | 34 (26.2) |
Diabetes duration (years) | 8.5 ± 7.0 |
Anti-diabetic therapy | |
Exclusively insulin | 14 (10.8) |
Insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents | 57 (43.9) |
Oral Hypoglycemic agents only | 59 (45.3) |
HbA1c value (%) | 8.6 ± 1.9 |
DSMQ ‘Sum Scale’ | 4.8 ± 2.6 |
Subscale ‘Glucose Management’ | 5.3 ± 2.9 |
Subscale ‘Dietary Control’ | 4.8 ± 2.8 |
Subscale ‘Physical Activity’ | 4.0 ± 3.1 |
Subscale ‘Health-Care Use’ | 5.0 ± 2.6 |