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Table 2 Item Content, Response Frequencies, Item Statistics and DIF Statistics for the Distraction and Problem-Solving Subscale of the CRSQ (N = 581)

From: Psychometric properties of the Children’s Response Styles Questionnaire in a Hong Kong Chinese community sample

Item Observed Response Frequencies (%)a Classic Item Statisticsb Factor Loading Item Parameter Estimatesc Fit Index (G 2)d Gender DIF (χ2)e
0 1 2 3 Mean SD r a b 1 b 2 b 3 a- DIF b- DIF
2. When I am sad, I help someone else with something so I don’t think about my problem 39.59 40.96 15.83 3.61 0.83 0.82 0.45 0.41 1.18 −0.47 1.47 3.28 106.85* − −
6. When I am sad, I go to my favorite place to get my mind off my feelings 42.17 29.43 16.87 11.53 0.98 1.03 0.38 0.43 0.99 −0.39 1.11 2.39 58.03 − −
8. When I am sad, I spend a lot of time on my schoolwork 48.36 34.08 13.08 4.48 0.74 0.85 0.38 0.36 0.97 −0.09 1.88 3.59 57.36 5.6 0.6
10. When I am sad, I do something I enjoy 15.32 39.24 26.51 18.93 1.49 0.97 0.45 0.49 1.22 −1.76 0.22 1.52 70.95* − −
12. When I am sad, I do something fun with a friend 24.27 29.95 27.02 18.76 1.40 1.05 0.56 0.66 1.63 −1.00 0.17 1.29 48.56 − −
16. When I am sad, I ask a friend, parent, or teacher to help me solve my problem 32.19 34.77 16.52 16.52 1.17 1.06 0.52 0.63 1.46 −0.71 0.66 1.49 35.37 0.7 9.7
18. When I am sad, I try to find something good in the situation or something I learned 32.7 39.41 18.07 9.81 1.05 0.95 0.59 0.63 1.77 −0.63 0.81 1.82 57.84 − −
20. When I am sad, I talk it out with someone who I think can help me feel better 26.51 28.74 24.1 20.65 1.39 1.09 0.52 0.64 1.43 −0.98 0.20 1.27 56.58 0.8 10.7
22. When I am sad, I think of a way to make my problem better 20.83 42.51 25.99 10.67 1.27 0.91 0.54 0.55 1.48 −1.25 0.53 1.93 49.12 − −
24. When I am sad, I remind myself that this feeling will go away 25.65 34.94 20.48 18.93 1.33 1.06 0.42 0.50 1.04 −1.23 0.52 1.67 45.92 − −
  1. aResponse score categories contain: 0 = “Almost Never”, 1 = “Sometimes”, 2 = “Often”, and 3 = “Almost Always”
  2. b M = mean. SD = standard deviation. r = item-total correlation
  3. c a = item discrimination parameter estimates, b 1, b 2, b 3 = item severity parameter estimates
  4. dFit index: likelihood ratio goodness-of-fit statistic G 2 provided by PARSCALE. A nonsignificant result (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted overall alpha level of .05) is an indicator of adequate model fit
  5. eGender differential item functioning (DIF): tested using the likelihood ratio-based significance test under the IRT framework (IRT-LR) in an iterative purification procedure for identifying DIF free anchor set. “−” indicates the anchor items which are free of differential item functioning (DIF)
  6. * p < Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted overall alpha level of .05
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