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Table 3 Results from the probit regression models (marginal effects) for each of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions for the sample as a whole

From: The impact of obesity on health-related quality of life in Spain

 

DIM1: Mobility

DIM2: Self-care

DIM3: Usual Activities

DIM4: Pain/Discomfort

DIM5: Anxiety/Depression

Man

−0.0007

−0.0023

−0.0063

−0.0609**

−0.0301**

45–64 years old

0.0748**

0.0219**

0.0351**

0.0559**

0.0364**

≥65 years old

0.2350**

0.0855**

0.1196**

0.1203**

0.0240*

Upper class

−0.0246**

−0.0079*

−0.0167**

−0.0453**

−0.0076

Lower class

0.0065

0.0076*

0.0117*

0.0168

0.0212*

Foreign

−0.0078

−0.0063

−0.0161*

0.0002

0.0267*

Married

−0.0158*

−0.0052

−0.0056

0.0063

−0.0061

Separated

−0.0139

0.0020

−0.0007

−0.0001

0.0200

Widowed

0.0259*

0.0149*

0.0311**

0.0329*

0.0403*

Respiratory diseases

0.0314**

0.0057

0.0255**

0.0539**

0.0169

Vascular diseases

0.0924**

0.0398**

0.0856**

0.1010**

0.0523**

Muscular diseases

0.1109**

0.0334**

0.0815**

0.3027**

0.0481**

Stomach diseases

0.0272*

0.0017

0.0065

0.0532*

0.0224

Diabetes

0.0602**

0.0170**

0.0413**

0.0549**

0.0122

Depression/anxiety

0.0701**

0.0253**

0.0764**

0.1522**

0.5364**

Risk factors

0.0032

−0.0005

0.0022

0.0461**

0.0247**

Other diseases

0.0472**

0.0188**

0.0509**

0.0779**

0.0301**

Smoking

0.0071

−0.0028

−0.0001

0.0024

0.0261**

Alcohol consumption

0.0045

−0.0118*

−0.0120

0.0156

−0.0086

Physical exercise

−0.0088

0.0002

−0.0114*

−0.0150*

−0.0123*

Underweight

0.0289

0.0326*

0.0501*

0.0297

0.0383

Overweight

0.0066

−0.0040

−0.0051

0.0041

−0.0068

Obesity-A

0.0334**

0.0013

0.0101

0.0366*

0.0085

Obesity-B

0.1182**

0.0217*

0.0427**

0.0743**

0.0199

Northern region

−0.0172*

0.0004

0.0128*

−0.0319*

−0.0134

Southern region

0.0239**

0.0127**

0.0337**

−0.0017

0.0105

Western region

0.0172*

0.0111*

0.0304**

−0.0182

0.0190*

Eastern region

0.0141*

0.0059

0.0278**

0.0262*

0.0338**

n

18,444

18,444

18,443

18,438

18,433

Pseudo R2

0.319

0.284

0.301

0.259

0.309

  1. Probabilities of developing a problem
  2. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001
  3. The reference values were the following: woman (for gender), aged under 45 years old (for age group), middle class (for social class), Spanish (for nationality), single (for marital status), no diagnosed chronic disease (for each comorbidity), no smoker, no risky drinker, sedentarism (for lifestyle habits), normal weight (for BMI) and central region (for region of residence)
  4. Description of the independent variables: Social class (Upper: university graduate or director/manager of company; Middle: self-employed person or skilled worker; Lower: semi-skilled or unskilled worker or primary sector worker). Diagnosed diseases (Respiratory diseases: asthma, chronic bronchitis and COPD; Cardiovascular diseases: heart attack, embolism and other heart diseases; Muscular diseases: osteoarthritis and lower or upper back pain; Stomach diseases: stomach ulcer; diabetes; depression/anxiety: anxiety and chronic depression; risk factors: cholesterol and high blood pressure; other diseases: other mental diseases, tumours, migraines, problems with the prostate, thyroid or skin, allergy, urinary incontinence, cataracts and cirrhosis). Lifestyle habits (smoking dairy or occasionally; being a risky drinker: drinking more than 35 alcohol units during the past week, if male, or more than 25 alcohol units, if female; physical exercise: walking at least 20 min in the past week). Region of residence (Central region: the Community of Madrid, Castilla-La Mancha and Castilla León; Northern region: Navarre, the Basque Country, Aragon and la Rioja; Southern region: Andalusia, Extremadura, Murcia, the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla; Western region: Galicia, Asturias and Cantabria; Eastern region: Catalonia, the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands)
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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