Table 1 Characteristics of the baseline sample of the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), 2007–2012
NEI VFQ-25 scales (LFVFS, SFVFS, LFSES, SFSES) available (81.5%) | NEI VFQ-25 missing, or at least one scale (LFVFS, SFVFS, LFSES, SFSES) missing (18.5%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | ||
N | % (n) | 12,231 | 50,2% (6139) | 49,8% (6092) | 2779 | 52.0% (1445) | 48.0% (1334) |
Age | mean (SD) | 54.8 (11.1) | 55.2 (11.1) | 54.4 (11.1) | 56.0 (11.1) | 55.7 (11.1) | 56.4 (11.1) |
Risk factors and comorbidities: | |||||||
Diabetes mellitus | % (n) | 8.5% (1034) | 10.9% (666) | 6.1% (368) | 13.1% (361) | 13.7% (197) | 12.4% (164) |
Hypertension | % (n) | 49.1% (6008) | 54.6% (3349) | 43.7% (2659) | 52.6% (1458) | 55.0% (793) | 50.0% (665) |
Dyslipidemia | % (n) | 43.3% (5287) | 54.2% (3326) | 32.3% (1961) | 48.7% (1347) | 56.4% (811) | 40.3% (536) |
Current smoking | % (n) | 18.4% (2248) | 19.4% (1191) | 17.4% (1057) | 24.0% (663) | 26.9% (385) | 21.0% (278) |
Obesity | % (n) | 24.2% (2961) | 25.6% (1573) | 22.8% (1388) | 29.7% (822) | 29.0% (418) | 30.3% (404) |
Cardiovascular disease | % (n) | 8.8% (1072) | 11.5% (707) | 6.0% (365) | 13.0% (360) | 15.8% (228) | 9.9% (7132) |
Socioeconomic status | mean (SD) | 13.1 (4.4) | 13.9 (4.5) | 12,4 (4.1) | 11.8 (4.7) | 12.4 (4.8) | 11.1 (4.4) |
Total years of education | mean (SD) | 13.9 (2.9) | 14.3 (2.9) | 13.5 (2.8) | 13.3 (3.0) | 13.6 (3.0) | 12.8 (2.9) |
Urban residency | % (n) | 46.0% (5629) | 45.2% (2775) | 46.8% (2854) | 48.7% (1353) | 49.1% (710) | 48.2% (643) |
Ocular parameters: | |||||||
Wearing glasses | % (n) | 87.4% (10,688) | 86.3% (5296) | 88.5% (5392) | 87.5% (12,431) | 85.6% (1237) | 89.5% (1194) |
Mean spherical equivalent (diopter) | mean (SD) | -0.45 (2.44) | −0.47 (2.38) | −0.43 (2.51) | −0.30 (2.41) | −0.31 (2.33) | −0.29 (2.54) |
Mean intraocular pressure (diopter) | mean (SD) | 14.26 (2.80) | 1439 (2.88) | 14.13 (2.71) | 14.18 (2.74) | 14.29 (2.87) | 14.06 (2.59) |
Distance-corrected visual acuity of better-seeing eye (logMAR) | mean (SD) | 0.03(0.10) | 0.02 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.15) | 0.04 (0.15) | 0.07 (0.16) |
Distance-corrected visual acuity of worse-seeing eye (logMAR) | mean (SD) | 0.12 (0.23) | 0.11 (0.23) | 0.12 (0.22) | 0.16 (0.29) | 0.15(0.31) | 0.16 (0.26) |
Absolute difference in distance-corrected visual acuity of both eyes (logMAR) | mean (SD) | 0.09 (0.19) | 0.09 (0.20) | 0.08 (0.18) | 0.10 (0.23) | 0.11 (0.25) | 0.09 (0.19) |
Number of self-reported eye diseases: | |||||||
No disease | % (n) | 91.2% (11,160) | 91.1% (5590) | 91.4% (5570) | 90.5% (2516) | 90.6% (1309) | 90.5% (1207) |
At least one disease | % (n) | 8.8% (1071) | 8.9% (549 | 8.6% (522) | 9.5% (263) | 9.4% (136) | 9.5% (127) |
At least two diseases | % (n) | 0.9% (113) | 0.9% (55) | 1.0% (58) | 0.9% (28) | 0.9% (13) | 1.1% (15) |
Selected self-reported eye diseases: | |||||||
Glaucoma | % (n) | 2.3% (278) | 2.2% (138) | 2.3% (140) | 2.1% (58) | 1.5% (22) | 2.7% (36) |
Ocular hypertension | % (n) | 0.19% (23) | 0.18% (11) | 0.20% (12) | 0.14% (4) | 0.14%(2) | 0.15% (2) |
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | % (n) | 0.4% (53) | 0.4% (25) | 0.5% (28) | 0.6% (17) | 0.6% (8) | 0.7% (9) |
Cataract | % (n) | 0.59% (72) | 0.46% (28) | 0.72% (44) | 0.90% (25) | 0.55% (8) | 1.27% (17) |
Unilateral pseudophakia | % (n) | 1.6% (202) | 1.5% (95) | 1.6% (107) | 1.6% (27) | 1.7% (17) | 1.3% (10) |
Bilateral pseudophakia | % (n) | 3.1% (405) | 3.0% (190) | 3.3% (215) | 2.7% (47) | 2.5% (25) | 2.9% (22) |
Diabetic retinopathy | % (n) | 0.11% (13) | 0.15% (9) | 0.07% (4) | 0.14% (4) | 0.14% (2) | 0.15% (2) |
Strabism | % (n) | 2.70% (330) | 2.75% (169) | 2.64% (161) | 2.34% (65) | 2.08% (30) | 2.62% (35) |
Color deficiency | % (n) | 0.18% (22) | 0.34% (21) | 0.02% (1) | 0.07% (2) | 0.14% (2) | 0 |