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Table 2 Bivariate analysis between the factors and the CPQ11–14 scores

From: The factors that influence the oral health-related quality of life in 12-year-old children: baseline study of a longitudinal research

  

OS (ISF:8)

FL (ISF:8)

EWB (ISF:8)

SWB (ISF:8)

CPQ11–14 total score (ISF:8)

OS (RSF:8)

FL (RSF:8)

EWB (RSF:8)

SWB (RSF:8)

CPQ11–14 total score (RSF:8)

N

Mean (SD)

Median(IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

P1

P2

Gender

 F

305

3.26(1.29)

3.00(2)

0.000**

0.000**

1.19(1.25)

1.00(2)

0.148

0.329

1.63(1.50)

2.00(3)

0.110

0.061

1.10(1.24)

1.00(2)

0.842

0.786

7.19(3.56)

7.00(5)

0.279

0.372

2.66(1.39)

3.00(2)

0.108

0.110

1.21(1.20)

1.00(2)

0.232

0.096

1.78(1.44)

2.00(2)

0.026*

0.013*

1.42(1.45)

1.00(2)

0.657

0.995

7.08(3.79)

7.00(5)

0.646

0.550

 M

284

3.65(1.37)

4.00(2)

1.35(1.44)

1.00(2)

1.43(1.53)

1.00(2)

1.08(1.25)

1.00(2)

7.51(3.77)

7.00(5)

2.85(1.42)

3.00(2)

1.09(1.27)

1.00(2)

1.51(1.47)

1.00(3)

1.48(1.60)

1.00(3)

6.93(3.92)

7.00(5)

 Total

589

3.45(1.34)

4.00(1)

  

1.26(1.35)

1.00(2)

  

1.54(1.51)

1.00(2)

  

1.10(1.24)

1.00(2)

  

7.34(3.66)

7.00(5)

  

2.75(1.41)

3.00(2)

  

1.15(1.23)

1.00(2)

  

1.65(1.46)

1.00(3)

  

1.45(1.52)

1.00(2)

  

7.01(3.85)

7.00(5)

  

Father’s education

 Primary school graduate or below

88

3.24(1.47)

3.00(2)

0.016*

0.019*

1.27(1.44)

1.00(2)

0.796

0.969

1.34(1.57)

1.00(2)

0.295

0.200

1.03(1.19)

1.00(2)

0.717

0.889

6.89(3.78)

7.00(5)

0.218

0.177

2.60(1.47)

3.00(2)

0.043*

0.029*

1.33(1.36)

1.00(2)

0.139

0.119

1.48(1.45)

1.00(3)

0.471

0.387

1.35(1.31)

1.00(2)

0.779

0.947

6.76(3.97)

6.50(5)

0.468

0.475

 Secondary school graduate or below

406

3.55(1.32)

4.00(1)

1.24(1.29)

1.00(2)

1.60(1.52)

1.00(3)

1.12(1.29)

1.00(2)

7.52(3.64)

7.00(5)

2.85(1.38)

3.00(2)

1.16(1.21)

1.00(2)

1.67(1.47)

2.00(3)

1.46(1.52)

1.00(2)

7.14(3.88)

7.00(6)

 College graduate or above

95

3.19(1.26)

3.00(2)

1.35(1.52)

1.00(2)

1.45(1.44)

1.00(2)

1.03(1.11)

1.00(2)

7.02(3.61)

7.00(6)

2.48(1.42)

2.00(1)

0.97(1.22)

1.00(1)

1.72(1.37)

1.00(2)

1.51(1.73)

1.00(3)

6.67(3.58)

7.00(5)

Mother’s education

 Primary school graduate or below

79

3.61(1.59)

4.00(2)

0.381

0.179

1.49(1.42)

1.00(2)

0.246

0.262

2.00(1.78)

2.00(3)

0.014*

0.049*

1.19(1.20)

1.00(2)

0.644

0.542

8.29(4.24)

8.00(6)

0.044*

0.079

3.13(1.45)

3.00(2)

0.010*

0.003**

1.59(1.59)

1.00(3)

0.002**

0.028*

1.95(1.54)

2.00(2)

0.120

0.117

1.84(1.54)

2.00(2)

0.045*

0.026*

8.51(4.51)

8.00(7)

0.001**

0.005**

 Secondary school graduate or below

438

3.44(1.29)

4.00(1)

1.22(1.31)

1.00(2)

1.47(1.48)

1.00(2)

1.09(1.27)

1.00(2)

7.22(3.57)

7.00(4)

2.74(1.41)

3.00(2)

1.10(1.16)

1.00(2)

1.59(1.45)

1.00(3)

1.37(1.50)

1.00(2)

6.80(3.72)

7.00(5)

 College graduate or above

72

3.31(1.35)

3.00(2)

1.29(1.51)

1.00(2)

1.46(1.29)

1.50(2)

1.00(1.15)

1.00(2)

7.06(3.44)

7.00(5)

2.44(1.29)

2.00(1)

0.99(1.14)

1.00(2)

1.69(1.34)

2.00(2)

1.49(1.57)

1.00(3)

6.61(3.49)

7.00(5)

Household income

 Below HK$10,000

145

3.35(1.37)

3.00(2)

0.143

0.058

1.16(1.32)

1.00(2)

0.443

0.314

1.48(1.55)

1.00(2)

0.480

0.625

1.14(1.33)

1.00(2)

0.555

0.778

7.13(3.68)

7.00(6)

0.258

0.216

2.63(1.37)

3.00(2)

0.106

0.086

1.20(1.21)

1.00(2)

0.506

0.501

1.60(1.39)

1.00(3)

0.676

0.795

1.48(1.43)

1.00(2)

0.586

0.353

6.91(4.03)

7.00(6)

0.195

0.214

 HK$10,001-HK$20,000

213

3.61(1.32)

4.00(1)

1.24(1.29)

1.00(2)

1.59(1.53)

1.00(3)

1.17(1.33)

1.00(2)

7.61(3.75)

7.00(5)

2.88(1.41)

3.00(2)

1.15(1.21)

1.00(2)

1.70(1.58)

2.00(3)

1.49(1.56)

1.00(2)

7.23(3.75)

7.00(4)

 HK$20,001-HK$30,000

92

3.30(1.37)

3.00(2)

1.26(1.46)

1.00(2)

1.47(1.45)

1.00(2)

1.04(1.09)

1.00(2)

7.08(3.67)

7.00(6)

2.83(1.44)

3.00(2)

1.07(1.26)

1.00(2)

1.67(1.40)

1.50(3)

1.29(1.61)

1.00(2)

6.86(3.93)

7.00(5)

 HK$30,001-HK$40,000

62

3.58(1.31)

4.00(1)

1.55(1.35)

1.00(2)

1.81(1.68)

2.00(3)

1.03(1.16)

1.00(2)

7.97(3.21)

8.00(5)

2.89(1.46)

3.00(2)

1.35(1.39)

1.00(2)

1.77(1.44)

2.00(2)

1.65(1.53)

2.00(3)

7.66(3.97)

7.50(5)

 Over HK$40,001

77

3.26(1.34)

3.00(2)

1.30(1.43)

1.00(2)

1.38(1.35)

1.00(2)

0.91(1.07)

1.00(2)

6.84(3.69)

6.00(6)

2.43(1.34)

2.00(2)

1.01(1.18)

1.00(2)

1.45(1.30)

1.00(3)

1.31(1.48)

1.00(2)

6.21(3.48)

5.00(6)

Periodontal status

 CPI score = 0

80

3.34(1.40)

3.00(2)

0.428

0.172

1.06(1.22)

1.00(2)

0.149

0.174

1.21(1.38)

1.00(2)

0.039*

0.037*

0.84(1.01)

1.00(1)

0.020*

0.073

6.45(3.58)

6.00(4)

0.019*

0.008**

2.68(1.42)

3.00(2)

0.598

0.530

1.09(1.28)

1.00(2)

0.602

0.426

1.40(1.40)

1.00(2)

0.100

0.087

1.34(1.42)

1.00(2)

0.478

0.541

6.50(3.63)

6.00(5)

0.207

0.196

 CPI score > 0

509

3.47(1.33)

4.00(1)

1.30(1.37)

1.00(2)

1.59(1.53)

1.00(3)

1.14(1.27)

1.00(2)

7.49(3.66)

7.00(5)

2.76(1.41)

3.00(2)

1.17(1.23)

1.00(2)

1.69(1.46)

2.00(3)

1.47(1.54)

1.00(2)

7.08(3.88)

7.00(5)

Caries experience

  < SiC Index value

499

3.43(1.34)

4.00(1)

0.570

0.713

1.24(1.35)

1.00(2)

0.229

0.125

1.52(1.52)

1.00(2)

0.418

0.297

1.05(1.20)

1.00(2)

0.048*

0.078

7.24(3.66)

7.00(6)

0.098

0.098

2.72(1.41)

3.00(2)

0.213

0.233

1.15(1.26)

1.00(2)

0.774

0.382

1.61(1.44)

1.00(3)

0.143

0.157

1.38(1.51)

1.00(2)

0.014*

0.008**

6.87(3.82)

7.00(5)

0.038*

0.037*

  > =SiC Index value

90

3.52(1.35)

4.00(1)

1.42(1.32)

1.00(2)

1.66(1.47)

2.00(3)

1.33(1.44)

1.00(2)

7.93(3.66)

8.00(5)

2.92(1.39)

3.00(2)

1.19(1.08)

1.00(2)

1.86(1.53)

2.00(3)

1.81(1.56)

2.00(3)

7.78(3.92)

7.50(6)

IOTN (DHC) treatment need

 No need

321

3.46(1.31)

4.00(1)

0.513

0.710

1.13(1.26)

1.00(2)

0.024*

0.047*

1.48(1.47)

1.00(2)

0.368

0.273

0.98(1.16)

1.00(2)

0.018*

0.052

7.05(3.46)

7.00(5)

0.078

0.159

2.72(1.38)

3.00(2)

0.783

0.708

1.12(1.18)

1.00(2)

0.617

0.293

1.55(1.36)

1.00(3)

0.200

0.381

1.44(1.53)

1.00(2)

0.482

0.307

6.83(3.63)

7.00(5)

0.335

0.380

 Borderline need

106

3.55(1.40)

4.00(1)

1.36(1.36)

1.00(2)

1.50(1.64)

1.00(3)

1.09(1.24)

1.00(2)

7.50(3.62)

7.00(5)

2.77(1.45)

3.00(2)

1.14(1.46)

1.00(2)

1.74(1.48)

2.00(3)

1.32(1.56)

1.00(2)

6.97(3.97)

7.00(5)

 Definite need

162

3.36(1.38)

4.00(1)

1.47(1.48)

1.00(2)

1.68(1.51)

2.00(3)

1.32(1.38)

1.00(2)

7.83(4.03)

8.00(5)

2.81(1.43)

3.00(2)

1.23(1.17)

1.00(2)

1.78(1.60)

2.00(3)

1.55(1.49)

2.00(3)

7.38(4.17)

7.00(6)

IOTN (AC) treatment need

 No need

469

3.45(1.32)

4.00(1)

0.153

0.160

1.23(1.37)

1.00(2)

0.514

0.272

1.51(1.51)

1.00(2)

0.265

0.295

1.01(1.21)

1.00(2)

0.003**

0.003**

7.20(3.66)

7.00(6)

0.092

0.060

2.72(1.38)

3.00(2)

0.208

0.167

1.14(1.21)

1.00(2)

0.602

0.599

1.61(1.45)

1.00(3)

0.349

0.339

1.43(1.54)

1.00(2)

0.556

0.440

6.90(3.83)

7.00(5)

0.161

0.187

 Borderline need

89

3.57(1.47)

4.00(1)

1.39(1.28)

1.00(2)

1.76(1.57)

2.00(3)

1.39(1.25)

1.00(2)

8.12(3.60)

8.00(6)

2.98(1.53)

3.00(2)

1.27(1.34)

1.00(2)

1.85(1.50)

2.00(3)

1.61(1.48)

2.00(2)

7.71(4.06)

7.00(6)

 Definite need

31

3.03(1.28)

3.00(2)

1.39(1.31)

1.00(2)

1.35(1.33)

1.00(2)

1.55(1.55)

1.00(2)

7.32(3.65)

8.00(5)

2.55(1.31)

3.00(2)

1.06(1.32)

1.00(2)

1.65(1.43)

2.00(3)

1.35(1.31)

1.00(2)

6.61(3.33)

6.00(5)

DAI

 Normal or minor malocclusion- no treatment need or slight need

312

3.41(1.32)

4.00(2)

0.875

0.836

1.13(1.28)

1.00(2)

0.060

0.074

1.43(1.47)

1.00(2)

0.093

0.139

0.92(1.08)

1.00(2)

0.000**

0.002**

6.89(3.49)

7.00(5)

0.009**

0.027*

2.64(1.36)

3.00(2)

0.147

0.203

1.11(1.20)

1.00(2)

0.701

0.700

1.53(1.40)

1.00(3)

0.115

0.163

1.35(1.46)

1.00(2)

0.342

0.366

6.63(3.70)

6.00(5)

0.063

0.083

 Definite malocclusion -treatment selective

143

3.50(1.31)

4.00(1)

1.35(1.35)

1.00(2)

1.55(1.49)

1.00(2)

1.22(1.39)

1.00(2)

7.62(3.46)

7.00(5)

2.81(1.43)

3.00(2)

1.20(1.34)

1.00(2)

1.71(1.35)

2.00(3)

1.51(1.67)

1.00(2)

7.24(3.76)

7.00(5)

 Severe malocclusion -treatment highly desirable

87

3.51(1.41)

4.00(1)

1.45(1.46)

1.00(3)

1.90(1.69)

2.00(3)

1.17(1.20)

1.00(2)

8.02(4.04)

8.00(5)

3.00(1.46)

3.00(2)

1.26(1.24)

1.00(2)

1.80(1.68)

2.00(3)

1.67(1.64)

2.00(3)

7.74(4.30)

7.00(6)

 Very severe (handicapping) malocclusion-treatment mandatory

47

3.45(1.50)

3.00(1)

1.55(1.50)

1.00(2)

1.53(1.47)

1.00(2)

1.74(1.59)

2.00(3)

8.28(4.29)

8.00(6)

2.87(1.48)

3.00(2)

1.09(1.14)

1.00(2)

1.98(1.60)

2.00(3)

1.51(1.18)

2.00(2)

7.45(4.03)

8.00(6)

ICON treatment need

 No

383

3.43(1.32)

4.00(1)

0.668

0.451

1.19(1.36)

1.00(2)

0.059

0.015*

1.50(1.52)

1.00(2)

0.442

0.348

1.01(1.17)

1.00(2)

0.031*

0.042*

7.13(3.68)

7.00(5)

0.053

0.019*

2.69(1.38)

3.00(2)

0.124

0.119

1.14(1.23)

1.00(2)

0.770

0.754

1.62(1.46)

1.00(3)

0.499

0.414

1.38(1.49)

1.00(2)

0.121

0.122

6.83(3.86)

7.00(5)

0.127

0.087

 Yes

206

3.48(1.39)

4.00(1)

1.41(1.31)

1.00(2)

1.60(1.50)

1.00(3)

1.25(1.35)

1.00(2)

7.74(3.60)

8.00(5)

2.87(1.46)

3.00(2)

1.17(1.25)

1.00(2)

1.70(1.44)

2.00(3)

1.58(1.57)

1.00(2)

7.33(3.82)

7.00(5)

ICON complexity

 Easy

173

3.42(1.31)

3.00(1)

0.546

0.482

1.10(1.31)

1.00(2)

0.433

0.262

1.48(1.51)

1.00(2)

0.822

0.812

0.98(1.17)

1.00(2)

0.077

0.108

6.98(3.74)

7.00(5)

0.429

0.295

2.69(1.35)

3.00(2)

0.091

0.085

1.16(1.29)

1.00(2)

0.634

0.736

1.44(1.40)

1.00(2)

0.213

0.220

1.42(1.48)

1.00(2)

0.886

0.755

6.71(3.94)

6.00(6)

0.216

0.221

 Mild

292

3.47(1.30)

4.00(1)

1.32(1.40)

1.00(2)

1.53(1.53)

1.00(2)

1.06(1.25)

1.00(2)

7.37(3.60)

7.00(5)

2.72(1.43)

3.00(2)

1.15(1.17)

1.00(2)

1.73(1.47)

2.00(3)

1.44(1.59)

1.00(2)

7.03(3.82)

7.00(5)

 Moderate

67

3.63(1.55)

4.00(2)

1.33(1.33)

1.00(2)

1.73(1.62)

2.00(3)

1.27(1.23)

1.00(2)

7.96(3.98)

9.00(5)

3.19(1.36)

3.00(2)

1.33(1.45)

1.00(2)

1.82(1.57)

2.00(3)

1.63(1.43)

2.00(3)

7.97(4.01)

8.00(6)

 Difficult

33

3.30(1.49)

3.00(2)

1.39(1.20)

1.00(2)

1.58(1.23)

2.00(2)

1.30(1.29)

1.00(2)

7.58(3.08)

8.00(5)

2.67(1.47)

3.00(2)

1.03(1.10)

1.00(2)

1.58(1.25)

2.00(3)

1.39(1.52)

1.00(2)

6.67(3.36)

7.00(6)

 Very difficult

24

3.13(1.30)

3.00(2)

1.46(1.25)

1.00(2)

1.42(1.41)

1.00(3)

1.63(1.58)

1.50(3)

7.63(3.72)

7.50(4)

2.50(1.38)

2.50(3)

0.92(1.18)

0.50(2)

1.83(1.47)

2.00(3)

1.33(1.27)

1.00(2)

6.58(3.43)

7.00(5)

PAR

 Almost ideal occlusion

122

3.43(1.40)

4.00(1)

0.963

0.993

1.07(1.21)

1.00(2)

0.025*

0.007**

1.45(1.39)

1.00(2)

0.671

0.892

0.99(1.18)

1.00(2)

0.134

0.264

6.94(3.63)

7.00(5)

0.229

0.194

2.66(1.42)

3.00(2)

0.236

0.230

1.16(1.12)

1.00(2)

0.887

0.853

1.51(1.42)

1.00(2)

0.481

0.471

1.34(1.54)

1.00(2)

0.691

0.576

6.68(3.76)

6.50(5)

0.547

0.608

 Acceptable occlusion

254

3.46(1.25)

4.00(1)

1.20(1.41)

1.00(2)

1.59(1.61)

1.00(3)

1.03(1.17)

1.00(2)

7.29(3.69)

7.00(6)

2.69(1.37)

3.00(2)

1.18(1.32)

1.00(2)

1.70(1.45)

1.00(3)

1.48(1.52)

1.00(3)

7.04(3.81)

7.00(5)

 Malocclusion

213

3.44(1.43)

4.00(1)

1.46(1.33)

1.00(2)

1.52(1.47)

1.00(2)

1.23(1.36)

1.00(2)

7.64(3.64)

7.00(5)

2.88(1.44)

3.00(2)

1.12(1.20)

1.00(2)

1.67(1.48)

2.00(3)

1.48(1.52)

1.00(2)

7.15(3.96)

7.00(6)

  1. P1: p value of parametric tests; P2: p value of nonparametric tests; *: p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
  2. Parametric tests: comparison between two samples used the independent samples t test; others used the one-way ANOVA; nonparametric tests: comparison between two samples used the Mann-Whitney U test; others used the Kruskal-Wallis H test
  3. SiC Index Significant Caries Index