Skip to main content

Table 4 Association between Quality of Life domains with psychological status scales

From: Psychological status and quality of life among primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness: a hospital based study

 

Quality of Life (QOL) four domains

Physical health

Psychological

Social relationships

Environmental

Beta coefficient

95% CI

p value

Beta coefficient

95% CI

p value

Beta coefficient

95% CI

p value

Beta coefficient

95% CI

p value

PHQ-9 (cut-off score > 10)

−3.27

−4.77

−1.77

<.001

−0.98

−1.84

−0.12

.026

−1.71

−3

−0.42

.010

−2.2

−3.73

−0.67

.005

GAD-7 (cut-off score > 10)

−0.84

−2.54

0.86

.334

−0.27

−1.25

0.71

.589

−1.87

−3.34

−0.41

.013

−1.62

−3.36

0.11

.067

Age Group

 21–34

−0.01

−2.02

1.99

.990

0.85

−0.31

2

.151

−0.73

−2.45

1

.408

0.99

−1.06

3.03

.343

 35–49

−0.39

−2.21

1.43

.674

0.88

−0.17

1.93

.100

−0.58

−2.14

0.99

.471

0.8

−1.06

2.66

.397

 50–64

0.77

−0.69

2.24

.300

0.49

−0.36

1.33

.261

−0.41

−1.67

0.85

.525

1.18

−0.31

2.68

.121

 65+

Reference

               

Ethnicity

 Malay

−0.06

−1.18

1.06

.918

−0.23

−0.87

0.41

.484

0.54

−0.42

1.51

.268

−0.18

−1.32

0.96

.755

 Indian

0.4

−0.75

1.55

.496

0.36

−0.3

1.03

.282

0.33

−0.66

1.33

.511

−0.22

−1.4

0.96

.709

 Others

0.38

−3.22

3.99

.835

1.56

−0.51

3.64

.140

1.58

−1.52

4.69

.317

−0.79

−4.47

2.9

.674

 Chinese

Reference

               

Gender

 Men

0.33

−0.68

1.35

.520

0.38

−0.2

0.97

.197

−0.11

−0.98

0.77

.812

−0.09

−1.12

0.95

.869

 Women

Reference

               

Marital Status

 Single

0.04

−1.38

1.47

.951

−1.82

−2.64

−1

<.001

−0.56

−1.78

0.67

.375

0.56

−0.9

2.02

.449

 Widowed

0.2

−2.02

2.42

.857

−1.48

−2.79

−0.17

.027

0.86

−1.06

2.77

.379

1.03

−1.24

3.3

.372

 Divorced/Separated

2.26

−0.15

4.67

.066

−1.19

−2.58

0.2

.093

−0.05

−2.13

2.03

.961

1.58

−0.88

4.05

.208

 Married

Reference

               

Education

 No formal/Primary

−3.01

−4.75

−1.26

.001

−0.48

−1.48

0.53

.354

−3.02

−4.52

−1.51

.000

−3.39

−5.17

−1.6

<.001

 Secondary

−1.59

−2.95

−0.23

.022

−0.31

−1.09

0.47

.437

−1.11

−2.28

0.06

.062

−1.96

−3.35

−0.57

.006

 Vocational

−2.35

−4.41

−0.28

.026

−0.36

−1.55

0.83

.552

−0.5

−2.27

1.28

.583

−1.96

−4.07

0.15

.069

 A level / Pre-university / Diploma

−1.68

−3.1

−0.26

.021

−0.44

−1.26

0.38

.292

−0.54

−1.76

0.69

.390

−0.93

−2.38

0.53

.210

 University & Above

Reference

               

Employment Status

 Students and Homemakers

−0.91

−2

0.19

.104

−0.11

−0.74

0.52

.735

−0.86

−1.8

0.08

.073

0.56

−0.55

1.68

.323

 Unemployed

−0.49

−2.17

1.19

.568

−0.84

−1.81

0.13

.089

0.25

−1.2

1.7

.733

−0.3

−2.02

1.41

.728

 Employed

Reference

               

Relationship of primary caregivers with Ill relative

 Spouse

−0.39

−1.73

0.95

.568

−0.84

−1.61

−0.07

.033

0

−1.16

1.15

.995

−1.16

−2.53

0.21

.096

 Son/Daughter

−0.64

−2.33

1.05

.456

0.03

−0.94

1

.951

−0.15

−1.6

1.3

.839

−1.39

−3.11

0.34

.115

 Siblings

−0.38

−2.33

1.56

.700

0.52

−0.6

1.64

.360

0.15

−1.53

1.82

.863

−0.61

−2.6

1.38

.546

 Other Relatives

−0.34

−2.95

2.26

.797

0.37

−1.13

1.87

.629

0.2

−2.04

2.45

.860

1.23

−1.43

3.89

.364

 Parent

Reference

               

Living Arrangement

 Lives alone

0.53

−4.2

5.27

.825

0.7

−2.02

3.43

.613

1.01

−3.07

5.09

.628

1.71

−3.12

6.55

.486

 Lives with parents

1.22

−0.37

2.81

.133

−0.01

−0.93

0.9

.978

0.75

−0.62

2.12

.280

0.36

−1.26

1.99

.659

 Lives with other relatives

0.26

−2.43

2.96

.847

−0.98

−2.53

0.57

.216

−0.42

−2.74

1.9

.721

−1.57

−4.32

1.18

.263

 Lives with children

−1.13

−2.8

0.54

.183

−1.3

−2.26

−0.34

.008

−1.21

−2.65

0.22

.098

−2.2

−3.9

−0.5

.012

 Others

1.86

−0.64

4.35

.144

−0.47

−1.91

0.96

.518

−1.39

−3.54

0.76

.204

−0.53

−3.08

2.02

.683

 Lives with Spouse/partner

Reference

               

Diagnosis of Ill relative

 Early Psychosis

0.63

−1.26

2.53

.512

0.49

−0.64

1.61

.394

0.71

−0.92

2.35

.392

0.91

−1.03

2.85

.357

 Depressive disorder

−0.28

−1.28

0.72

.580

0.14

−0.44

0.71

.645

0.42

−0.45

1.28

.344

0.16

−0.86

1.18

.761

 Anxiety disorder (OCD & GAD)

−0.52

−2.13

1.1

.529

−0.27

−1.2

0.66

.571

−0.94

−2.33

0.46

.187

−1.08

−2.73

0.58

.201

 Dementia

−1.01

−3.08

1.07

.340

0.09

−1.11

1.28

.884

−1.24

−3.03

0.55

.174

−1.12

−3.24

1

.298

 Others

0.84

−1.74

3.43

.521

0.01

−1.48

1.49

.994

−1.13

−3.36

1.1

.318

−2.4

−5.04

0.25

.075

 Unknown

0.4

−1.26

2.06

.635

−0.11

−1.06

0.85

.828

−0.58

−2.01

0.85

.427

−0.55

−2.25

1.15

.522

 Chronic Schizophrenia

Reference

               

FIS scores

−0.32

−0.47

−0.18

<.001

−0.14

−0.22

−0.06

.001

−0.37

−0.49

−0.25

<.001

−0.44

−0.59

−0.3

<.001

R-squared Values (R2)

0.25

0.26

0.29

0.3

  1. Beta coefficients were derived using multiple linear regression analyses after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, other caregiver psychological status scales and impact on informant scores
  2. p value <0.05 is highlight in bold