Psychological status and quality of life among primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness: a hospital based study

Jeyagurunathan, Anitha; Sagayadevan, Vathsala; Abdin, Edimansyah; Zhang, YunJue; Chang, Sherilyn; Shafie, Saleha; Rahman, Restria Fauziana Abdul; Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit; Chong, Siow Ann; Subramaniam, Mythily

doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0676-y

Table 3 Socio-demographic correlates of Quality of Life (QOL)

From: Psychological status and quality of life among primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness: a hospital based study

	Quality of Life (QOL) four domains
	Physical health				Psychological				Social relationships				Environmental
Socio-demographic variables	Beta co-efficient	95% CI		p value	Beta co-efficient	95% CI		p value	Beta co-efficient	95% CI		p value	Beta co-efficient	95% CI		p value
Age Group
21–34	−0.43	−2.55	1.69	.689	0.72	−0.45	1.89	.226	−1.05	−2.87	0.76	.253	0.63	−1.50	2.76	.564
35–49	−1.02	−2.93	0.90	.297	0.69	−0.36	1.75	.197	−0.95	−2.58	0.69	.255	0.35	−1.57	2.27	.722
50–64	0.38	−1.17	1.93	.628	0.37	−0.49	1.23	.396	−0.68	−2.00	0.64	.311	0.87	−0.69	2.42	.272
65+	Reference
Ethnicity
Malay	−0.23	−1.41	0.95	.703	−0.28	−0.93	0.37	.398	0.42	−0.59	1.43	.415	−0.32	−1.51	0.87	.595
Indian	0.50	−0.72	1.72	.420	0.40	−0.28	1.07	.247	0.46	−0.58	1.51	.382	−0.10	−1.32	1.13	.876
Others	−0.24	−4.06	3.57	.900	1.37	−0.73	3.48	.200	1.08	−2.18	4.35	.513	−1.34	−5.17	2.50	.494
Chinese	Reference
Gender
Men	0.31	−0.77	1.39	.571	0.38	−0.22	0.97	.211	−0.11	−1.03	0.81	.816	−0.10	−1.18	0.99	.862
Women	Reference
Marital Status
Single	−0.31	−1.82	1.20	.685	−1.93	−2.76	−1.10	<.001	−0.79	−2.08	0.49	.227	0.28	−1.23	1.80	.713
Widowed	2.93	0.38	5.47	.025	−0.99	−2.39	0.42	.168	0.47	−1.71	2.65	.670	2.16	−0.40	4.72	.098
Divorced/Separated	0.16	−2.19	2.50	.895	−1.50	−2.83	−0.17	.027	0.94	−1.06	2.95	.357	1.08	−1.28	3.44	.368
Married	Reference
Education
No formal/Primary	−3.39	−5.24	−1.54	<.001	−0.60	−1.61	0.42	.252	−3.35	−4.93	−1.77	<.001	−3.74	−5.60	−1.89	<.001
Secondary	−1.66	−3.09	−0.22	.024	−0.33	−1.12	0.46	.414	−1.22	−2.44	0.01	.052	−2.06	−3.50	−0.61	.005
Vocational	−2.59	−4.78	−0.41	.020	−0.44	−1.64	0.77	.478	−0.67	−2.54	1.20	.480	−2.16	−4.36	0.04	.054
A level / Pre-university / Diploma	−1.69	−3.19	−0.18	.028	−0.44	−1.27	0.39	.298	−0.57	−1.86	0.72	.386	−0.95	−2.47	0.56	.217
University & Above	Reference
Employment Status
Students and Homemakers	−1.09	−2.24	0.07	.065	−0.16	−0.80	0.47	.614	−0.93	−1.92	0.05	.063	0.46	−0.70	1.62	.438
Unemployed	−1.11	−2.88	0.65	.216	−1.03	−2.00	−0.05	.039	−0.23	−1.74	1.28	.766	−0.84	−2.62	0.94	.355
Employed	Reference
Relationship of primary caregivers with Ill relative
Spouse	−0.33	−1.75	1.09	.646	−0.82	−1.61	−0.04	.039	0.05	−1.17	1.26	.940	−1.11	−2.53	0.32	.128
Son/Daughter	0.12	−1.63	1.87	.894	0.26	−0.71	1.22	.601	0.24	−1.26	1.73	.754	−0.88	−2.64	0.88	.325
Siblings	0.06	−1.99	2.11	.953	0.65	−0.48	1.78	.256	0.34	−1.41	2.10	.699	−0.34	−2.40	1.72	.747
Other Relatives	0.54	−2.20	3.29	.697	0.64	−0.87	2.15	.407	0.92	−1.43	3.26	.443	2.01	−0.75	4.77	.153
Parent	Reference
Living Arrangement
Lives alone	−0.39	−5.40	4.62	.880	0.42	−2.34	3.18	.763	0.28	−4.00	4.56	.898	0.91	−4.12	5.95	.721
Lives with parents	0.95	−0.72	2.62	.265	−0.09	−1.01	0.83	.844	0.70	−0.72	2.13	.334	0.25	−1.43	1.93	.770
Lives with other relatives	0.44	−2.42	3.29	.764	−0.92	−2.49	0.65	.249	−0.21	−2.65	2.22	.863	−1.36	−4.23	1.50	.350
Lives with children	−1.40	−3.17	0.36	.119	−1.38	−2.36	−0.41	.005	−1.45	−2.96	0.06	.060	−2.45	−4.23	−0.68	.007
Others	0.77	−1.84	3.39	.561	−0.80	−2.24	0.64	.276	−2.30	−4.54	−0.07	.044	−1.52	−4.15	1.12	.258
Lives with Spouse/partner	Reference
Diagnosis of Ill relative
Early Psychosis	0.62	−1.38	2.63	.541	0.47	−0.66	1.61	.412	0.59	−1.13	2.30	.501	0.81	−1.20	2.83	.427
Depressive disorder	−0.44	−1.50	0.62	.413	0.09	−0.50	0.67	.769	0.30	−0.61	1.21	.515	0.03	−1.04	1.09	.960
Anxiety disorder (OCD & GAD)	−0.67	−2.39	1.04	.439	−0.31	−1.26	0.63	.512	−1.06	−2.52	0.41	.156	−1.21	−2.93	0.51	.167
Dementia	−1.53	−3.72	0.67	.172	−0.07	−1.27	1.14	.915	−1.56	−3.43	0.32	.103	−1.51	−3.71	0.70	.179
Others	1.73	−0.99	4.45	.212	0.27	−1.23	1.77	.720	−0.53	−2.86	1.80	.654	−1.70	−4.43	1.04	.223
Unknown	0.73	−1.03	2.49	.418	−0.01	−0.98	0.96	.991	−0.32	−1.83	1.18	.675	−0.27	−2.04	1.50	.765
Chronic Schizophrenia	Reference
FIS scores	−0.49	−0.63	−0.35	<.001	−0.19	−0.27	−0.11	<.001	−0.51	−0.63	−0.39	<.001	−0.59	−0.73	−0.45	<.001
R-squared Values (R2)	0.17				0.18				0.21				0.23

p value <0.05 is highlight in bold

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ISSN: 1477-7525

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