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Table 4 Distribution (%) and odds ratios (ORs) for demographic and health status characteristics by latent class

From: Latent variable mixture models to test for differential item functioning: a population-based analysis

 

Distribution (%)

OR (95% CI)

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 2

Class 3

Physical Functioning

Class Frequencies

5933

2081

1323

  

Sex

 Men

35.5

23.4

20.6

Ref

Ref

 Women

64.5

76.6

79.4

1.66 (1.44, 1.91)

1.76 (1.48, 2.10)

Age

 25–64 years

60.5

40.7

31.0

Ref

Ref

  ≥ 65 years

39.5

59.3

69.0

1.69 (1.48, 1.92)

1.81 (1.55, 2.12)

Education

 Postsecondary

53.7

43.7

33.0

Ref

Ref

 High school graduate

14.9

14.0

13.8

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

1.11 (0.88, 1.38)

 Less than high school

31.4

42.4

53.2

1.13 (0.98, 1.30)

1.32 (1.12, 1.56)

General Health

 Excellent/Very good

68.1

42.0

30.0

Ref

Ref

 Good

26.3

43.2

40.7

1.99 (1.73, 2.29)

1.86 (1.58, 2.18)

 Fair/Poor

5.6

14.8

29.3

2.42 (1.94, 3.01)

3.53 (2.78, 4.47)

Weight Status

 Underweight/Normal

37.1

39.3

31.9

Ref

Ref

 Overweight/Obese

62.9

60.7

68.1

0.99 (0.87, 1.12)

1.21 (1.04, 1.41)

HUI3

 High (≥0.8)

81.1

58.9

38.3

Ref

Ref

 Low (<0.8)

18.9

41.1

61.8

1.92 (1.67, 2.22)

2.62 (2.22, 3.09)

Mental Health

Class Frequencies

7337

2058

   

Sex

 Men

30.9

29.7

 

Ref

 

 Women

69.1

70.3

 

1.03 (0.90, 1.17)

 

Age

 25–64 years

53.8

44.8

 

Ref

 

  ≥ 65 years

46.3

55.2

 

1.18 (1.05, 1.33)

 

Education

 Postsecondary

50.2

42.4

 

Ref

 

 High school graduate

14.6

14.1

 

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

 

 Less than high school

35.2

43.4

 

1.21 (1.06, 1.38)

 

General Health

 Excellent/Very good

58.7

49.8

 

Ref

 

 Good

31.1

36.5

 

1.13 (1.00, 1.28)

 

 Fair/Poor

10.3

13.8

 

1.17 (0.95, 1.43)

 

Weight Status

 Underweight/Normal

37.4

34.8

 

Ref

 

 Overweight/Obese

62.6

65.2

 

1.07 (0.96, 1.21)

 

HUI3

 High (≥0.8)

71.5

65.0

 

Ref

 

 Low (<0.8)

28.5

35.0

 

1.01 (0.89, 1.16)

 
  1. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; HUI3 = Health Utilities Index Mark 3; bold values indicate ORs that are statistically significant at α = .05. Class 1 is the reference group for both models. For the physical functioning sub-scale, the latent variable mixture model has three classes, while for the mental health sub-scale, the latent variable mixture model has two classes
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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