Skip to main content

Table 2 Factors associated with S-QoL18 index and dimensions

From: Caregiver’s quality of life and its positive impact on symptomatology and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

S-QoL18 index

p

S-QoL18 index

PsW

SE

RFa

RFr

RE

PhW

AU

SL

M ± SDa or Rb

ßc

ß

ß

ß

ß

ß

ß

ß

ß

Caregivers

Quality of life

S-CGQoL

0.14

0.032

0.05

0.09

−0.12

0.23**

0.10

−0.15

−0.10

−0.09

0.11

Patients

Age in years

 

−0.09

0.142

−0.12

−0.17

0.09

−0.14

−0.12

−0.16

0.02

0.14

−0.16

Gender

Women

52.7 ± 15.7

0.208

−0.20*

0.11

−0.07

−0.45**

−0.10

−0.17

−0.10

−0.19

−0.03

Men (Ref)

55.1 ± 13.8

 

Ethnicity

Non-Aymara

58.7 ± 17.2

0.035

0.19*

0.13

0.00

0.00

0.28**

0.04

0.00

0.00

0.22*

Aymara (Ref)

52.3 ± 14.2

Marital status

Without a partner

54.2 ± 14.6

0.794

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

With a partner (Ref)

53.2 ± 13.4

Educational level

≥12 years

62.5 ± 11.5

<0.001

0.14

0.31**

0.05

−0.04

0.05

0.05

0.04

0.06

0.12

<12 years (Ref)

52.7 ± 14.4

Employment status

With employment

59.2 ± 13.4

<0.001

0.15

0.082

0.15

0.02

0.12

0.18*

0.06

0.09

0.01

Without employment (Ref)

52.1 ± 14.5

Monthly family income (US Dollars)

 

0.08

0.246

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Duration of disorder in years

 

−0.05

0.399

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number of hospitalizations

 

−0.09

0.168

−0.03

0.05

0.03

0.11

−0.15

−0.04

−0.01

0.11

−0.11

Type of treatment

Integrated

58.6 ± 11.8

0.076

0.06

0.11

0.13

−0.07

−0.01

0.12

0.15

−0.01

−0.07

Only pharmacological (Ref)

53.7 ± 14.7

Symptoms severity - PANSS total score

−0.37

<0.001

−0.23*

−0.27**

−0.15

−0.10

−0.11

−0.01

−0.12

−0.22*

−0.10

PANSS negative

−0.35

<0.001

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

PANSS positive

−0.26

<0.001

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

PANSS excitation

−0.24

<0.001

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

PANSS anxiety/depression

−0.17

0.006

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

PANSS cognition

−0.30

<0.001

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. aM ± SD: mean ± standard deviation; bR: Spearman’s correlation coefficient; cß: standardised beta coefficient (ß represents the change of the standard deviation in QoL score resulting from a change of one standard deviation in the independent variable); *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01
  2. S-QoL18 schizophrenia quality of life questionnaire, PsW psychological well-being, SE self-esteem, RFa family relationships, RFr relationships with friends, RE resilience, PhW physical well-being, AU autonomy, SL sentimental life
  3. Number of hospitalizations: since the last 3 years before present hospitalization
  4. PANSS positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia, total score and dimensions
  5. S-CGQoL schizophrenia caregiver quality of life questionnaire