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Table 4 Discriminant validity of the adapted English PIDAQ with regards to self-rated (MI-S) and interviewer-rated (MI-D) malocclusion

From: Validation and reliability of the Malaysian English version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire for adolescents

Self-rated Malocclusion (MI-S)

Age group

12–14 years

15–17 years

12–17 years old

Quartile (Self perceived malocclusion level)

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

n

51

50

  

53

48

  

101

98

  
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Dental Self-Confidence

19.0 (4.6)

13.2 (5.0)

−1.23

0.00*

18.4 (4.8)

13.2 (4.6)

−1.12

0.00*

18.7 (4.7)

13.1 (4.9)

−1.18

0.00*

Social Impact

14.7 (5.3)

22.8 (6.8)

1.38

0.00*

16.0 (5.9)

23.1 (6.2)

1.19

0.00*

15.4 (5.7)

22.9 (6.5)

1.24

0.00*

Psychological Impact

13.1 (4.5)

19.44 (5.65)

1.28

0.00*

13.3 (4.6)

20.8 (4.00)

1.76

0.00*

13.33 (4.54)

20.2 (5.0)

1.44

0.00*

Aesthetic Concern

3.5 (1.5)

5.9 (2.0)

1.33

0.00*

3.6 (1.5)

5.9 (2.0)

1.31

0.00*

3.6 (1.5)

5.9 (2.0)

1.35

0.00*

Total PIDAQ

50.4 (10.4)

61.3 (12.4)

0.96

0.00*

51.4 (11.0)

63.0 (10.1)

1.12

0.00*

51.1 (10.7)

62.1 (11.3)

1.01

0.00*

Investigator-rated Malocclusion (MI-D)

Age group

12–14 years

15–17 years

12–17 years

Quartile (Investigator-rated malocclusion level)

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

Lower (Slight)

Upper (Severe)

Effect size

p value

n

48

50

  

46

47

  

94

97

  
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Dental Self-Confidence

17.5 (4.9)

13.2 (4.8)

−0.90

0.00*

17.1 (5.3)

13.3 (5.1)

−0.75

0.00*

17.3 (5.1)

13.2 (4.9)

−0.83

0.00*

Social Impact

16.9 (6.3)

19.2 (7.2)

0.34

0.10

17.3 (6.7)

21.0 (6.8)

0.56

0.01*

17.1 (6.5)

20.0 (7.1)

0.43

0.00*

Psychological Impact

15.4 (5.2)

16.5 (5.5)

0.22

0.29

14.6 (5.5)

18.5 (5.3)

0.73

0.00*

15.0 (5.3)

17.4 (5.5)

0.45

0.00*

Aesthetic Concern

4.2 (1.8)

4.8 (1.8)

0.31

0.11

4.2 (1.7)

5.4 (1.8)

0.73

0.00*

4.2 (1.8)

5.1 (1.8)

0.49

0.00*

Total PIDAQ

54.0 (10.9)

53.6 (12.6)

−0.03

0.89

53.1 (11.7)

58.2 (1.7)

0.44

0.04*

53.5 (11.2)

55.6 (12.2)

0.18

0.22

  1. *p < 0.05
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