From: The complex interplay between clinical and person-centered diabetes outcomes in the two genders
 |  | Men | Women | p a |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | Â | 1393 | 942 | Â |
% | Â | 59.7 | 40.3 | Â |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
 Mean age (years) |  | 64.4 (10.0) | 66.1 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
 Age in classes (%) | <55 | 17.5 | 14.8 | <0.0001 |
 | 55–65 | 33.3 | 27.6 |  |
 | 65–75 | 35.3 | 37.8 |  |
 | > = 75 | 13.9 | 19.7 |  |
 School education (%) | Primary school | 30.3 | 53.4 | <0.0001 |
 | Middle school | 32.7 | 22.9 |  |
 | High school | 28.4 | 19.8 |  |
 | University | 8.6 | 3.9 |  |
 Working status (%) | Employed | 30.5 | 12.0 | 0.77 |
 | Housewife | 0.7 | 34.8 |  |
 | Retired | 65.8 | 51.9 |  |
 | Unemployed/student | 3.1 | 1.3 |  |
 Living status (%) | Alone | 8.7 | 16.7 | <0.0001 |
 | Spouse/sons | 84.8 | 79.8 |  |
 | Other | 6.5 | 3.4 |  |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
 Smokers | No | 33.5 | 73.2 | <0.0001 |
 | Yes | 20.2 | 11.4 |  |
 | Ex | 46.3 | 15.5 |  |
 BMI (Kg/m2) |  | 29.7 (5.9) | 31.0 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
 Diabetes duration (years) |  | 13.4 (15.1) | 15.5 (15.6) | 0.006 |
 Mean HbA1c (%) |  | 7.6 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.5) | 0.002 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) |  | 170.9 (38.1) | 187.3 (40.4) | <0.0001 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) |  | 96.9 (31.1) | 106.7 (34.4) | <0.0001 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) |  | 46.7 (13.9) | 54.1 (14.2) | <0.0001 |
 Triglycerides (mg/dl) |  | 142.8 (116.4) | 140.0 (100.6) | 0.64 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |  | 135.1 (15.8) | 135.8 (16.8) | 0.39 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |  | 78.3 (9.3) | 78.2 (8.8) | 0.97 |
 Diabetes treatment (%) | Oral agents | 52.6 | 44.9 | 0.001 |
 | Oral agents + insulin | 23.0 | 27.2 |  |
 | Insulin | 24.3 | 27.9 |  |
 Lipid-lowering treatment (%) |  | 48.5 | 47.6 | 0.65 |
 Antihypertensive treatment (%) |  | 67.6 | 70.4 | 0.16 |
 No. of diabetes complications | 0 | 63.7 | 70.0 | 0.0001 |
 | 1 | 26.1 | 23.9 |  |
 | > = 2 | 10.2 | 6.2 |  |