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Table 2 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics according to gender

From: The complex interplay between clinical and person-centered diabetes outcomes in the two genders

  

Men

Women

p a

N

 

1393

942

 

%

 

59.7

40.3

 

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Mean age (years)

 

64.4 (10.0)

66.1 (10.4)

<0.0001

 Age in classes (%)

<55

17.5

14.8

<0.0001

 

55–65

33.3

27.6

 
 

65–75

35.3

37.8

 
 

> = 75

13.9

19.7

 

 School education (%)

Primary school

30.3

53.4

<0.0001

 

Middle school

32.7

22.9

 
 

High school

28.4

19.8

 
 

University

8.6

3.9

 

 Working status (%)

Employed

30.5

12.0

0.77

 

Housewife

0.7

34.8

 
 

Retired

65.8

51.9

 
 

Unemployed/student

3.1

1.3

 

 Living status (%)

Alone

8.7

16.7

<0.0001

 

Spouse/sons

84.8

79.8

 
 

Other

6.5

3.4

 

Clinical characteristics

 Smokers

No

33.5

73.2

<0.0001

 

Yes

20.2

11.4

 
 

Ex

46.3

15.5

 

 BMI (Kg/m2)

 

29.7 (5.9)

31.0 (6.1)

<0.0001

 Diabetes duration (years)

 

13.4 (15.1)

15.5 (15.6)

0.006

 Mean HbA1c (%)

 

7.6 (1.5)

7.8 (1.5)

0.002

 Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

 

170.9 (38.1)

187.3 (40.4)

<0.0001

 LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

 

96.9 (31.1)

106.7 (34.4)

<0.0001

 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

 

46.7 (13.9)

54.1 (14.2)

<0.0001

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

 

142.8 (116.4)

140.0 (100.6)

0.64

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 

135.1 (15.8)

135.8 (16.8)

0.39

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 

78.3 (9.3)

78.2 (8.8)

0.97

 Diabetes treatment (%)

Oral agents

52.6

44.9

0.001

 

Oral agents + insulin

23.0

27.2

 
 

Insulin

24.3

27.9

 

 Lipid-lowering treatment (%)

 

48.5

47.6

0.65

 Antihypertensive treatment (%)

 

67.6

70.4

0.16

 No. of diabetes complications

0

63.7

70.0

0.0001

 

1

26.1

23.9

 
 

> = 2

10.2

6.2

 
  1. a χ-square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables