Fig. 3
Annual indirect costs among respondents with IBS-D (diagnosed and undiagnosed) and controlsa.
aIncludes employed respondents only (n = 557 for respondents with IBS-D, n = 33,414 for controls).*Difference significant at p < 0.05, adjusted for age, gender, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise activity, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Abbreviations: IBS-D irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, USD US dollars