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Table 7 Mean of AQoL-4D utility scores and linear associations by sample characteristics using hierarchical cluster to identify multimorbidity, weighted

From: Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a nationally representative population sample: implications of count versus cluster method for defining multimorbidity on HRQoL

 

Model 3 – Cluster-1a

Model 4 – Cluster-2a

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

Unadjusted βb

Jack-knife standard error

Adjusted βc

Jack-knife standard error

Adjusted βc

Jack-knife standard error

Sex

 Male

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Female

−0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Age

 16-25 years.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 26-35 years.

−0.04

0.01

−0.06

0.01

−0.05

0.01

 36-45 years.

−0.05

0.01

−0.09

0.01

−0.08

0.01

 46-55 years.

−0.08

0.02

−0.13

0.01

−0.12

0.01

 56-65 years.

−0.09

0.01

−0.08

0.01

−0.09

0.01

 66-75 years.

−0.09

0.01

−0.03

0.02

−0.06

0.02

 76-85 years.

−0.19

0.02

−0.08

0.02

−0.12

0.02

 p for trend

<0.05

<0.05

<0.05

BMI (kg/m2)

 Thinness (BMI < 18.5)

−0.08

0.05

−0.05

0.02

−0.05

0.02

 Normal (BMI 18.5-24.99)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99)

0.03

0.01

−0.01

0.01

−0.02

0.01

 Obesity (BMI >30.00)

−0.01

0.02

−0.05

0.01

−0.05

0.01

 p for trend

<0.05

<0.05

<0.05

Labour force status

 Employed

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Unemployed

−0.05

0.03

−0.06

0.02

−0.04

0.02

 Not in the labour force

−0.13

0.01

−0.12

0.01

−0.11

0.01

Level of exercised

 High

Ref.

Ref.

 Moderate

−0.003

0.02

0.01

0.02

 Low

−0.06

0.02

−0.03

0.02

Registered marital status

 Unmarried

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Married

0.05

0.01

0.09

0.01

0.07

0.01

Smoking status

 Current smoker

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Ex-smoker

0.04

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.04

0.01

 Never smoked

0.09

0.01

0.07

0.01

0.06

0.01

Index of Socio-Economic Disadvantage - Area deciles

 1st decile (lowest)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 2nd decile

0.01

0.02

0.002

0.02

0.01

0.02

 3rd decile

−0.01

0.02

0.001

0.02

0.01

0.02

 4th decile

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

 5th decile

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

 6th decile

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

 7th decile

0.05

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.02

 8th decile

0.07

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.02

 9th decile

0.07

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.02

 10th decile (best)

0.09

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.05

0.02

 p for trend

<0.05

<0.05

<0.05

Present. Cluster1a

−0.14

0.02

−0.10

0.01

Present. Cluster2a

−0.38

0.02

−0.36

0.01

Observations

8605

8605

Weighted R2

0.0773

0.1427

  1. CVD Heart or circulatory condition, MDD Major depression disorder, BMI Body Mass Index, MM multimorbidity
  2. aCluster-1 = CVD + Arthritis; Cluster-2 = MDD + Anxiety Disorder
  3. bβ from univariate linear regression for the associations with HRQoL
  4. cβ from multivariate linear regression models with all other variables in the table adjusted for the associations with HRQoL
  5. d“level of exercise” was not included in model-4 because it was excluded in confounder selection
  6. Significant coefficients are typed in bold font (p< 0.05)