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Table 4 Mean of AQoL-4D utility scores by sample characteristics using count method to identify multimorbidity, weighted (N = 8,820)

From: Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a nationally representative population sample: implications of count versus cluster method for defining multimorbidity on HRQoL

 

MM2 + a

MM3 + b

%

Mean

Jack-knife standard error

%

Mean

Jack-knife standard error

Sex

 Male

23.8

0.72

0.01

8.7

0.65

0.02

 Female

27.9

0.69

0.01

11.4

0.61

0.01

Age

 Mean of age (yr.)

54.6

0.3

57.5

0.6

 16-25 years.

8.9

0.68

0.03

2.4

0.56

0.09

 26-35 years.

14.1

0.67

0.02

3.3

0.54

0.05

 36-45 years.

18.7

0.67

0.03

6.9

0.60

0.07

 46-55 years.

26.6

0.68

0.02

9.5

0.57

0.03

 56-65 years.

42.2

0.73

0.01

18.7

0.66

0.02

 66-75 years.

52.8

0.75

0.01

23.1

0.70

0.02

 76-85 years.

58.5

0.70

0.02

27.7

0.63

0.02

BMI (kg/m2)

 Thinness (BMI < 18.5)

19.2

0.63

0.06

5.3

0.34

0.10

 Normal (BMI 18.5-24.99)

20.3

0.71

0.01

6.2

0.66

0.02

 Overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99)

25.7

0.71

0.01

10.8

0.64

0.03

 Obesity (BMI >30.00)

38.4

0.70

0.01

17.4

0.60

0.02

Educational attainment

 Has post-school qualification

23.8

0.72

0.01

8.5

0.66

0.02

 No post-school qualification

28.4

0.69

0.01

12.1

0.60

0.02

Labour force

 Employed

18.2

0.74

0.01

5.6

0.64

0.02

 Unemployed

20.5

0.63

0.04

8.7

0.60

0.07

 Not in the labour force

42.0

0.68

0.01

19.4

0.62

0.02

Level of exercise

 High

17.2

0.75

0.02

7.1

0.67

0.04

 Moderate

23.1

0.77

0.02

8.0

0.69

0.04

 Low

27.5

0.69

0.01

10.9

0.61

0.01

Registered marital status

 Unmarried

22.9

0.64

0.01

9.1

0.57

0.02

 Married

28.4

0.75

0.01

10.9

0.67

0.02

Smoking status

 Current smoker

26.5

0.62

0.02

10.7

0.53

0.03

 Ex-smoker

32.8

0.72

0.01

14.2

0.66

0.02

 Never smoked

21.8

0.74

0.01

7.6

0.66

0.02

Index of Socio-Economic Disadvantage - Area deciles

 1st decile (lowest)

29.9

0.62

0.03

15.8

0.54

0.05

 2nd decile

27.1

0.66

0.03

10.6

0.62

0.03

 3rd decile

29.1

0.65

0.02

13.6

0.59

0.03

 4th decile

28.9

0.66

0.03

10.8

0.59

0.03

 5th decile

29.8

0.70

0.02

13.0

0.64

0.03

 6th decile

25.5

0.74

0.02

9.5

0.70

0.07

 7th decile

26.1

0.72

0.03

9.4

0.64

0.04

 8th decile

24.1

0.76

0.02

6.8

0.66

0.03

 9th decile

21.0

0.76

0.02

6.6

0.67

0.03

 10th decile (best)

20.6

0.77

0.02

7.2

0.67

0.04

  1. CVD Heart or circulatory condition, MDD Major depression disorder, BMI Body Mass Index, MM multimorbidity. Means are estimated with standard error based on the weighting strategy
  2. aMM2 + which means having any 2 or more chronic conditions out of asthma, cancer, stroke, CVD, gout rheumatism or arthritis and diabetes or high sugar levels, MDD and anxiety disorder
  3. bMM3 + which means having any 3 or more chronic conditions out of asthma, cancer, stroke, CVD, gout rheumatism or arthritis and diabetes or high sugar levels, MDD and anxiety disorder
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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