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Table 3 Comparison between poor and good sleepers in RA patients

From: Sleep quality in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: contributing factors and effects on health-related quality of life

Variables

PSQI < 5 (n = 28)

PSQI ≥ 5 (n = 103)

p

Female

22 (78.6)

90 (87.4)

0.240

BMI (kg/m2)

22.88 ± 3.40

22.39 ± 3.01

0.347

Age (years)

54.79 ± 12.08

54.38 ± 11.45

0.872

Disease duration (years)

8.21 ± 8.99

8.83 ± 9.15

0.749

Monthly income (yuan)

  

0.141

 <1000

12 (426.9)

55 (53.4)

 

 1000-3000

9 (32.1)

38 (36.9)

 

 3000-5000

6 (21.4)

7 (6.8)

 

 >5000

1 (3.6)

3 (2.9)

 

Marital status

  

0.273

 Single

1 (3.6)

5 (4.9)

 

 Married

25 (89.3)

94 (91.3)

 

 Divorced

1 (3.6)

0 (0)

 

 Widowed

1 (3.6)

4 (3.9)

 

Education

  

0.240

 ≤9 years

17 (60.7)

76 (73.8)

 

 >9 years

11 (39.3)

27 (26.2)

 

Occupation

  

0.798

 Employed

21 (75.0)

81 (78.6)

 

 Unemployed

7 (25.0)

22 (21.4)

 

Smoking use, yes

4 (14.3)

6 (5.8)

0.220

Alcohol use, yes

4 (14.3)

20 (19.4)

0.783

Family history

2 (7.1)

8 (7.8)

1.000

Medications use

 NSAIDs

17 (60.7)

52 (50.5)

0.396

 Synthetic DMARDs

26 (92.9)

103 (100.0)

0.044

 Biologic DMARDs

2 (7.1)

9 (8.7)

1.000

 Glucocorticoid

11 (39.3)

512 (49.5)

0.396

ESR (mm/h)

19.14 ± 15.96

31.00 ± 29.39

0.006

CRP (mg/dl)

12.36 ± 25.00

17.7668 ± 24.37

0.336

RF positive

19 (67.9)

84 (80.6)

0.198

anti-CCP positive

19 (67.9)

72 (69.9)

0.821

DAS28

3.15 ± 1.39

4.17 ± 1.38

0.001

HAQ-DI

0.20 ± 0.38

0.52 ± 0.65

0.002

Total pain (VAS)

2.96 ± 1.86

4.69 ± 2.85

0.001

Nocturnal pain (VAS)

2.66 ± 2.54

4.30 ± 3.30

0.007

HADS-A

8.00 ± 2.46

9.42 ± 2.81

0.016

HADS-D

7.25 ± 1.76

9.03 ± 2.49

0.001

  1. Data are means ± SD for continuous variables, or percentages for categorical variables
  2. p values were obtained with the chi-square test for categorical variables and the two-tailed t test for continuous variables
  3. BMI Body Mass Index, NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory Drugs, DMARD Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, CRP C-reactive Protein, anti-CCP anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, RF Rheumatoid Factor, DAS28 Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, VAS Visual Analog Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36 the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, PCS Physical Components Summary, MCS Mental Components Summary, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index