Interrelationships among common symptoms in the elderly and their effects on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in rural Korea

Table 4 Multiple regression analysis of the EQ-5D index and EQ VAS scores

	EQ-5D index			EQ VAS score
	B	SE	β	B	SE	β
Gender (reference: male)
Female	−0.037	0.009	−0.127^**	−0.806	1.159	−0.024
Age	−0.002	0.001	−0.077^*	−0.066	0.089	−0.024
Education (reference: less than elementary school)
Elementary school	0.034	0.009	0.123^**	0.190	1.124	0.006
Middle school	0.042	0.013	0.106^**	0.112	1.606	0.002
High school or higher	0.062	0.015	0.123^**	−0.093	1.917	−0.002
Living alone (reference: no)
Yes	0.003	0.010	0.010	3.055	1.205	0.082^*
Household income (10,000 won/month) (reference: < 50)
50-99	−0.008	0.010	−0.028	−1.085	1.286	−0.033
100-199	−0.010	0.011	−0.034	1.857	1.443	0.053
≥ 200	−0.002	0.014	−0.006	1.434	1.803	0.030
Fatigue	−0.020	0.008	−0.073^*	−2.206	1.064	−0.070^*
Pain	−0.039	0.009	−0.140^**	−1.344	1.070	−0.042
Sleep disturbance	−0.018	0.008	−0.061^*	−2.145	1.062	−0.063^*
Indigestion	0.007	0.009	0.022	−0.705	1.111	−0.019
Depression/anger/anxiety	−0.020	0.009	−0.065^*	−1.971	1.185	−0.054
Diagnosed diseases
Arthritis	−0.043	0.008	−0.144^**	−3.135	1.031	−0.090^**
Osteoporosis	−0.025	0.010	−0.066^*	−4.087	1.322	−0.092^**
Parkinson’s disease	−0.104	0.046	−0.059^*	−11.656	5.785	−0.057^*
Asthma^a or Chronic hepatitis^b	−0.035	0.016	−0.056^*	−11.890	4.437	−0.076^**
Dyslipidemia^a or Allergy^b	−0.015	0.007	−0.055^*	−4.955	2.136	−0.066^*
Chronic gastritis	−0.022	0.010	−0.056^*	−3.524	1.285	−0.079^**
R²	0.249			0.098
Adjusted R²	0.236			0.082

B unstandardized coefficients, SE standard error of unstandardized coefficients, β standardized coefficients
^* p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01, ^aSelected using a forward stepwise selection in a regression model for the EQ-5D index
^bSelected using a forward stepwise selection in a regression model for the EQ VAS

ISSN: 1477-7525