Table 3 Mean EQ-5D-5L utility scores by socio-demographic characteristics (N = 2,908)
From: Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D–5L: South Australian population norms
Total | Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n | mean (SD) | n | mean (SD) | n | mean (SD) |
All | 2908 | 0.91 (0.14) | 1422 | 0.92 (0.13) | 1486 | 0.90 (0.14) |
Z = -3.42, p = 0.001 | ||||||
Age category, years | ||||||
15–24 | 464 | 0.96 (0.08) | 238 | 0.96 (0.07) | 226 | 0.95 (0.08) |
25–34 | 449 | 0.95 (0.10) | 225 | 0.95 (0.10) | 224 | 0.95 (0.11) |
35–44 | 480 | 0.92 (0.13) | 238 | 0.93 (0.12) | 241 | 0.91 (0.13) |
45–54 | 499 | 0.89 (0.16) | 247 | 0.90 (0.16) | 253 | 0.87 (0.16) |
55–64 | 443 | 0.89 (0.15) | 217 | 0.90 (0.14) | 226 | 0.88 (0.15) |
65–74 | 346 | 0.87 (0.16) | 153 | 0.87 (0.16) | 193 | 0.87 (0.16) |
75+ | 227 | 0.83 (0.16) | 104 | 0.85 (0.16) | 122 | 0.82 (0.15) |
Total | 2908 | X 2 = 282, p < 0.001 | ||||
Educational attainment | ||||||
Up to secondary | 1187 | 0.90 (0.15) | 510 | 0.91 (0.16) | 677 | 0.89 (0.15) |
Trade, apprenticeship, certificate, diploma | 1061 | 0.90 (0.14) | 605 | 0.91 (0.12) | 456 | 0.89 (0.15) |
Degree or higher | 651 | 0.93 (0.12) | 301 | 0.93 (0.12) | 351 | 0.93 (0.12) |
Total | 2900 | X 2 = 15.0, p = 0.001 | ||||
Area of residence | ||||||
Metropolitan | 2163 | 0.91 (0.14) | 1047 | 0.92 (0.13) | 1114 | 0.90 (0.14) |
Regional | 745 | 0.90 (0.15) | 373 | 0.91 (0.14) | 372 | 0.90 (0.15) |
Total | 2908 | Z = -0.21, p = 0.83 | ||||
Country of birth | ||||||
Australia | 2138 | 0.91 (0.14) | 1054 | 0.91 (0.14) | 1082 | 0.90 (0.14) |
European | 461 | 0.88 (0.16) | 217 | 0.90 (0.14) | 244 | 0.86 (0.17) |
Asian | 206 | 0.97 (0.07) | 110 | 0.97 (0.06) | 96 | 0.96 (0.08) |
Other | 101 | 0.93 (0.12) | 39 | 0.93 (0.15) | 62 | 0.94 (0.10) |
Total | 2906 | X 2 = 75.6, p < 0.001 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||
Married/De Facto | 1791 | 0.91 (0.14) | 900 | 0.92 (0.13) | 890 | 0.90 (0.14) |
Never Married | 718 | 0.93 (0.13) | 394 | 0.93 (0.14) | 325 | 0.93 (0.12) |
Separated/Divorced | 264 | 0.87 (0.17) | 94 | 0.88 (0.17) | 169 | 0.86 (0.16) |
Widowed | 133 | 0.84 (0.16) | 31 | 0.87 (0.15) | 100 | 0.83 (0.16) |
Total | 2906 | X 2 = 92.8, p < 0.001 | ||||
Employment status | ||||||
Full time or part-time | 1616 | 0.94 (0.09) | 891 | 0.95 (0.08) | 723 | 0.93 (0.10) |
Home Duties | 161 | 0.90 (0.14) | 6 | 0.96 (0.04) | 155 | 0.90 (0.14) |
Unemployed | 96 | 0.88 (0.15) | 45 | 0.90 (0.15) | 51 | 0.87 (0.15) |
Retired | 593 | 0.86 (0.15) | 256 | 0.87 (0.15) | 337 | 0.86 (0.15) |
Student | 275 | 0.95 (0.07) | 130 | 0.96 (0.08) | 145 | 0.95 (0.07) |
Not working due to work-related injury or disability | 118 | 0.61 (0.26) | 67 | 0.62 (0.26) | 51 | 0.60 (0.26) |
Other | 45 | 0.88 (0.16) | 23 | 0.96 (0.06) | 23 | 0.81 (0.19) |
Total | 2904 | X 2 = 407, p < 0.001 | ||||
Annual household income | ||||||
Up to $20,000 | 176 | 0.83 (0.19) | 59 | 0.83 (0.20) | 117 | 0.82 (0.19) |
$20,001-$40,000 | 372 | 0.84 (0.17) | 159 | 0.84 (0.18) | 214 | 0.85 (0.17) |
$40,001-$80,000 | 562 | 0.91 (0.14) | 280 | 0.92 (0.13) | 282 | 0.90 (0.15) |
$80,001-$120,000 | 438 | 0.93 (0.10) | 230 | 0.94 (0.10) | 208 | 0.93 (0.11) |
$120,001+ | 584 | 0.94 (0.10) | 338 | 0.95 (0.08) | 246 | 0.93 (0.11) |
Not Stated | 776 | 0.91 (0.14) | 354 | 0.92 (0.15) | 417 | 0.91 (0.14) |
Total | 2908 | X 2 = 156, p < 0.001 | ||||