| Basic model (R2 = 0.184) | Extended model (R2 = 0.192) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Covariates | β-coefficients [95 % CI] | p-value | β-coefficients [95 % CI] | p-value |
Intercept | 79.3 [73.0; 85.6] | <.0001 | 78.1 [71.8; 84.5] | <.0001 |
Diabetes | −11.5 [−13.5; −9.6]* | <.0001 | −10.7 [−12.7; −8.6]* | <.0001 |
Age | −0.2 [−0.3; −0.1]* | 0.0009 | −0.1 [−0.2; 0.0]* | 0.0142 |
Male (ref = female) | 4.7 [2.4; 7.0]* | <.0001 | 4.6 [2.3; 6.9]* | <.0001 |
BMI (ref = <25) | ||||
 Overweight (25–30) | 0.9 [−1.2; 3.0] | 0.392 | 1.0 [−1.1; 3.0] | 0.3619 |
 Obese (>30) | −1.1 [−4.2; 2.0] | 0.4865 | −0.9 [−4.0; 2.2] | 0.5596 |
Education (ref = no formal education) | ||||
 Primary | 3.4 [0.1; 6.8]* | 0.0462 | 3.7 [0.3; 7.0]* | 0.0333 |
 Secondary | 4.4 [1.4; 7.5]* | 0.0044 | 4.8 [1.7; 7.9]* | 0.0021 |
 Higher secondary and above | 7.4 [4.1; 10.6]* | <.0001 | 7.7 [4.4; 11.0]* | <.0001 |
Income (ref = Q1) | ||||
 Q2 | 2.4 [−0.4; 5.1] | 0.0875 | 2.3 [−0.4; 5.1] | 0.0943 |
 Q3 | 2.3 [−0.5; 5.1] | 0.1079 | 2.4 [−0.4; 5.2] | 0.0934 |
 Q4 | 5.0 [2.1; 7.9]* | 0.0008 | 5.1 [2.2; 8.0]* | 0.0006 |
Married (vs single) | 0.8 [−1.9; 3.5] | 0.5763 | 0.7 [−2.0; 3.3] | 0.6334 |
Unemployed/retired | −0.7 (−4.1; 2.7] | 0.6743 | −0.7 [−4.1; 2.7] | 0.6972 |
Smoking | 0.1 [−2.4; 2.5] | 0.9459 | 0.3 [−2.2; 2.7] | 0.8398 |
Comorbodities | ||||
 CVD | - |  | −2.0 [−6.0; 2.0] | 0.3269 |
 Kidney_disease | - |  | −2.6 [−6.8; 1.6] | 0.2302 |
 Neuro_disease | - |  | −4.3 [−9.4; 0.7] | 0.0935 |
 Eye_problem | - |  | −2.1 [−4.1; 0.0]* | 0.0479 |