Association of anemia and mineral and bone disorder with health-related quality of life in Asian pre-dialysis patients

Table 4 Multiple linear regression to evaluate the association of anemia or MBD with HRQoL in pre-dialysis patients

	With anemia^a			With MBD^b
HRQoL scales	Univariate analyses	Bivariate analyses^c	Multiple linear regression analyses^d	Univariate analyses	Bivariate analyses^c	Multiple linear regression analyses^e
Kidney disease-specific
Symptoms	0.8	N/A	N/A	−2.4	N/A	N/A
Effects of Kidney Disease	0.4	N/A	N/A	−3.9	N/A	N/A
Burden of Kidney Disease	−1.1	N/A	N/A	−7.9*	−8.2*	−4.5
Work Status	−12.7**	−10.9*	−3.36	−9.5*	−6.6	N/A
Cognitive Function	2.0	N/A	N/A	1.3	N/A	N/A
Quality of Social Interaction	2.7	N/A	N/A	−0.1	N/A	N/A
Sexual Function	−4.9	N/A	N/A	−5.6	N/A	N/A
Sleep	0.7	N/A	N/A	−1.8	N/A	N/A
Social Support	−0.9	N/A	N/A	−1.9	N/A	N/A
SF-36 Scale Scores
PF_NBS	−3.7**	−3.0*	−2.2	−3.0*	−2.2	−1.7
RP_NBS	−4.4**	−4.2**	−2.7	−2.0	N/A	N/A
BP_NBS	−1.8	N/A	N/A	1.0	N/A	N/A
GH_NBS	−2.5	N/A	N/A	−3.6*	−3.2*	−2.9
VT_NBS	−2.9	N/A	N/A	−1.1	N/A	N/A
SF_NBS	−0.6	N/A	N/A	−2.5	N/A	N/A
RE_NBS	−2.1	N/A	N/A	−0.8	N/A	N/A
MH_NBS	−0.4	N/A	N/A	0.2	N/A	N/A
EQ-5D utility	−0.03	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
EQ-VAS	−1.7	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Results are presented as beta coefficient
^aReference group: No anemia; ^bReference group: No MBD
^cAdjusted for MBD or anemia, where appropriate
^dAdjusted for sociodemographic variables: centered age, gender, race (Chinese/Malay/Indians/Others), marital status (single/married/divorced, separated or widowed), education level (no education/primary/secondary/tertiary) and monthly income level (no income/<$2000/$2000-$3999/≥$4000)
^eAdjusted for sociodemographic variables plus clincal variables: CKD stage (3/4/5), the presence of co-morbidities (yes/no) and daily pill burden. Comorbidities included are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart disease and stroke
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; N/A: Bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were not applicable as univariate analyses were not statistically significant; NBS: norm-based score

ISSN: 1477-7525