Table 5 Estimates of regression coefficient of multilevel regression analysis for practice and patient characteristics stratified by low and high health literacy (HL) for physical and mental components score

Intercept

49.17

52.60

45.11

55.76

Female patients (male)

−0.49 (1.48)

−0.99 (0.98)

1.38 (1.43)

−0.93 (0.91)

55–70 (40–54)

−2.89 (1.42)*

0.93 (0.99)

3.56 (1.39)*

0.55 (0.91)

Born in Australia (born in outside Australia)

−2.40 (1.48)

0.15 (1.0)

−1.53 (1.45)

−0.07 (0.91)

Owner-occupier (rented)

−1.37 (2.05)

−0.03 (1.76)

0.54 (2.01)

−0.75 (1.62)

College/university (elementary/high School)

2.90 (1.39)*

1.29 (0.89)

0.79 (1.35)

−0.73 (0.82)

Employed patients (unemployed)

8.70 (1.89)***

3.15 (1.40)*

4.17 (1.85)*

0.49 (1.28)

Retired patients (unemployed)

6.00 (2.41)*

−0.11 (1.51)

2.92 (2.36)

1.98 (1.39)

Smoker (non-smoker)

−6.43 (2.30)**

0.85 (1.91)

−1.89 (2.25)

−0.45 (1.75)

Poor diet (having adequate fruits and vegetables intake)

0.67 (1.70)

−1.06 (0.99)

0.49 (1.67)

−0.73 (0.91)

Alcohol risk (drinking ≤2 standards drinks in a day)

4.51 (2.60)

1.63 (2.05)

2.26 (2.54)

−1.38 (1.88)

Insufficient physical activity (adequate physical activity)

−4.02 (1.32)**

−2.41 (0.83)**

−5.14 (1.29)***

−0.53 (0.76)

Overweight (having normal range BMI)

−2.86 (1.41)*

−1.68 (0.85)*

1.17 (1.38)

0.53 (0.78)

Size 1–3 general practitioners (4 or more GPs)

−2.69 (2.13)

−0.24 (1.03)

−2.16 (1.71)

0.02 (0.94)

More than one nurses (one or no nurse)

−3.49 (2.07)

−0.59 (0.97)

−1.68 (1.69)

−0.25 (0.89)

Variance between general practices (standard errors)

9.14 (5.41)

0.00 (0.00)

2.79 (3.43)

0.00 (0.00)

Variance between patients (standard errors)

107.43 (9.35)***

53.60 (4.18)***

105.15 (9.12)***

45.24 (3.53)***