Table 4 Estimates of regression coefficient of multilevel regression analysis for practice and patient characteristics for mental components score (MCS-12)

Intercept

50.97

54.36

52.66

54.76

Female patients (male)

0.19 (0.84)

0.19 (0.83)

55–70 (40–54)

2.13 (0.83)*

0.73 (1.15)

Born in Australia (born in outside Australia)

−0.61 (0.85)

−0.77 (0.84)

Owner-occupier (rented)

0.23 (1.31)

–0.18 (1.30)

College/university (elementary/high School)

0.01 (0.77)

0.08 (0.77)

Employed patients (unemployed)

2.42 (1.13)*

0.17 (1.62)

Retired patients (unemployed)

2.87 (1.32)*

1.92 (1.76)

Insufficient health literacy (sufficient health literacy)

–7.02 (0.70)

–6.43 (0.74)***

–8.38 (2.43)***

Smoker (non-smoker)

–1.33 (1.44)

–1.17 (1.43)

Poor diet (having adequate fruits and vegetables intake)

–0.34 (0.91)

–0.20 (0.90)

Alcohol risk (drinking ≤2 standards drinks in a day)

0.07 (1.59)

0.27 (1.58)

Insufficient physical activity (adequate physical activity)

–2.56 (0.73)***

–0.56 (0.97)

Overweight (having normal range BMI)

0.78 (0.76)

0.81 (0.76)

Low health literacy × 55–70

2.70 (1.51)^a*

Low health literacy × employed

3.95 (2.01)*

Low health literacy × retired

1.03 (2.60)

Low health literacy × Insufficient physical activity

−4.42 (1.44)**

Size 1–3 general practitioners (4 or more GPs)

−0.88 (0.87)

−0.06 (0.91)

More than one nurses (one or no nurse)

−0.62 (0.85)

−0.85 (0.88)

Variance between general practices (standard errors)

1.50 (1.44)

0.25 (0.94)

0.00 (0.00)

0.29 (0.94)

% variance explained^b

83.5

100.0

80.7

Variance between patients (standard errors)

95.24 (5.22)***

82.64 (4.57)***

77.39 (4.40)***

75.16 (4.36)***

% variance explained^b

13.2

18.7

21.1