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Table 2 Unadjusted mean and standard deviation of PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores by health literacy (HL) status

From: The impact of health literacy and life style risk factors on health-related quality of life of Australian patients

Variable (definition)

PCS-12

 

MCS-12

 

Low HL

High HL

 

Low HL

High HL HL

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

p-valuea

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

p-valuea

Overall score

46.2 (12.2)

51.9 (7.9)

<0.001

47.3 (11.0)

54.4 (6.9)

<0.001

Characteristics of patients

Gender

 Male

48.0 (11.0)*

52.6 (7.5)

0.001

47.1 (10.5)

55.4 (6.3)

<0.001

 Female

45.3 (12.6)

51.6 (8.0)

<0.001

47.4 (11.3)

53.9 (7.1)

<0.001

Age, years

 40–54

47.6 (11.6)*

52.6 (7.6)

<0.001

45.9 (11.0)

53.3 (7.3)

<0.001

 55–70

44.7 (12.6)

51.5 (8.0)

<0.001

48.8 (10.8)*

55.0 (6.6)*

<0.001

Place of birth

 Australia

45.9 (12.6)

51.9 (8.1)

<0.001

47.1 (11.3)

54.2 (6.8)

<0.001

 Outside Australia

47.1 (10.6)

52.0 (7.3)

0.001

47.9 (10.2)

54.8 (7.4)

<0.001

Home ownership

 Owner occupied

46.4 (11.8)

51.9 (7.9)

<0.001

47.7 (10.7)

54.4 (6.8)

<0.001

 Rented

44.3 (14.3)

51.9 (8.4)

0.011

44.5 (13.2)

54.2 (8.4)

0.001

Education

 Degree/Diploma

48.9 (10.6)***

53.1 (7.3)**

<0.001

48.0 (10.1)

53.9 (7.1)

<0.001

 Elementary/High school

43.0 (13.0)

50.7 (8.3)

<0.001

46.2 (12.0)

54.8 (6.8)

<0.001

Employment

 Employed

48.7 (10.4)*

53.3 (6.8)*

<0.001

47.7 (10.5)*

53.7 (6.9)

<0.001

 Retired

43.0 (13.7)*

49.9 (8.7)

0.004

49.3 (11.5)*

56.1 (6.5)

0.001

 Unemployedb

38.5 (13.9)

49.2 (10.0)

<0.001

43.7 (12.6)

54.3 (7.4)

<0.001

Patient risk factors

Smoker

 Yes

41.6 (13.3)

52.8 ((10.2)

0.001

45.2 (12.1)

53.4(8.7)

0.012

 No

46.7(12.0)*

51.9(7.7)

<0.001

47.5(10.9)

54.4(6.8)

<0.001

Poor diet

 Yes

46.3 (11.8)

51.8 (8.0)

<0.001

47.1 (11.0)

54.2 (6.9)

<0.001

 No

45.4 (13.8)

52.4 (7.6)

0.001

48.3 (11.3)

54.9 (7.0)

<0.001

Alcohol risk

 Yes

45.7 (12.4)

54.0 (5.5)

0.008

46.7 (12.9)

53.0 (8.2)

0.115

 No

46.2 (12.2)

51.8 (8.0)

<0.001

47.3 (10.9)

54.4 (6.9)

<0.001

Insufficient physical activity

 Yes

44.4 (12.9)

50.4 (8.8)

<0.001

45.4 (11.7)

54.1 (7.1)

<0.001

 No

49.2 (10.1)**

53.4 (6.7)***

<0.001

50.5 (9.1)***

54.4 (6.7)

<0.001

Overweight

 Yes

44.8 (12.4)

50.6 (8.3)

<0.001

47.4 (11.5)

55.0 (6.9)

<0.001

 No

48.3 (11.8)*

53.3 (7.4)*

<0.001

47.5 (10.5)

53.8 (6.9)

<0.001

Characteristics of practice

 small practice (1–3 GPs)

45.2 (11.7)

51.9 (7.5)

<0.001

46.7 (11.9)

54.2 (7.2)

<0.001

 large practice (>3 GPs)

46.8 (12.4)

51.9 (8.1)

<0.001

47.7 (10.5)

54.4 (6.8)

<0.001

Number of nurses

 0 –1

47.2 (11.5)

52.6 (6.9)

<0.001

47.3 (10.9)

54.4 (6.4)

<0.001

  >1

45.0 (12.9)

51.4 (8.5)

<0.001

47.3 (11.2)

54.4 (7.4)

<0.001

  1. *P <0.05, **P <0.01, and ***P <0.001 are for comparison of within low or high HL differences between score of a category with the category of the lowest score using independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance
  2. a p-values are for comparison of difference of each category of patient and practice characteristics using independent t- test
  3. bIncludes patients looking for work, studying full-time, looking after family and unable to work due to sickness or disability
  4. Number in each category is as shown in Table 1 subject to small number of missing values in SF12 items
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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