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Table 3 Factors associated with QOL Domains in Univariate Analysis

From: A cross-sectional study on quality of life among the elderly in non-governmental organizations’ elderly homes in Kuala Lumpur

Variable

Physical

Psychological

Social

Environment

Mean( ±)

Mean( ±)

Mean( ±)

Mean( ±)

Age

    

 60–69 years

14.8 (2.6)

13.7 (2.4)

10.9 (3.5)

12.8 (2.4

 ≥ 70 years

13.8 (2.7)

13.6 (2.6)

10.7 (3.4)

12.9 (2.7)

P-value

0.010

0.890

0.752

0.806

Gender

    

 Female

12.9 (2.9)

12.7 (2.5)

9.5 (3.5)

12.2 (2.5)

 Male

15.1 (2.3)

14.2 (2.4)

11.4 (3.2)

13.3 (2.5)

P-value

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.003

Ethnicity

    

 India

14.2 (3.3

14.1 (1.9)

10.4 (2.9)

13.1 (1.7)

 Malay

13.1 (3.9)

14.3 (2.7)

13.2 (4.4)

13.3 (3.1)

 Chinese

14.4 (2.6)

13.6 (2.5)

10.7 (3.4)

12.9 (2.6)

 Others

14.0 (3.6)

13.7 (4.1)

12.0 (8.0)

13.7 (2.5)

P-value

0.766

0.782

0.309

0.926

Marital status

    

 Single

14.4 (2.8)

13.3 (2.4)

10.4 (3.2)

13.2 (2.6)

 Married

14.2 (2.6)

13.8 (2.5)

10.9 (3.5)

12.7 (2.5)

P-value

0.645

0.155

0.256

0.211

Level of education

    

 None/primary

13.6 (2.9)

13.1 (2.6)

9.9 (3.2)

12.6 (2.6)

 Secondary/tertiary

14.7 (2.5)

14.0 (2.3)

11.2 (3.4)

13.1 (2.4)

P-value

0.006

0.009

0.007

0.194

Pension

    

 Yes

14.1 (3.1)

14.3 (3.1)

10.5 (3.3)

12.7 (3.1)

 No

14.3 (2.7)

13.6 (2.4)

10.8 (3.4)

12.9 (2.5)

P-value

0.668

0.238

0.748

0.662

Economic status

    

 Poor/intermediate

14.2 (2.6)

13.5 (2.4)

10.6 (3.3)

12.8 (2.5)

 Good

15.8 (3.1)

15.4 (2.8)

12.9 (3.7)

13.8 (3.1)

P-value

0.037

0.008

0.019

0.187

Outdoor leisure activity

    

 Yes

14.8 (2.4)

13.9 (2.4)

11.2 (3.4)

13.1 (2.5)

 No

12.7 (3.0)

12.6 (2.5)

9.3 (2.8)

12.1 (2.6)

P-value

<0.0001

0.002

0.001

0.021

Smoking status

    

 Smoker

14.1 (2.4)

13.3 (2.4)

10.3 (3.1)

12.9 (2.6)

 Non-smoker

14.4 (2.8)

13.8 (2.5)

10.9 (3.5)

12.8 (2.5)

P-value

0.475

0.216

0.233

0.984

Alcohol status

    

 Drinkers

14.1 (2.5)

13.6 (2.5)

10.1 (3.6)

13.1 (2.6)

 Non-drinker

14.3 (2.8)

13.7 (2.5)

10.8 (3.4)

12.9 (2.6)

P-value

0.779

0.866

0.394

0.755

Physical activity

    

 yes

15.0 (3.1)

14.1 (2.6)

11.6 (3.2)

13.5 (2.6)

 No

13.9 (2.5)

13.5 (2.4)

10.4 (3.4)

12.6 (2.5)

P-value

0.013

0.078

0.025

0.021

Duration of residence in home

    

 < 2 years

14.0 (2.8)

13.1 (2.3)

9.6 93.1)

12.3 (2.5)

 ≥ 2 years

14.6 (2.6)

14.3 (2.5)

12.1 (3.4)

13.6 (2.4)

P-value

0.135

0.001

<0.0001

<0.0001

Type of accommodation

    

 Ward

14.3 (2.8)

13.6 (2.5)

10.5 (3.3)

12.7 (2.5)

 Twin-sharing

14.1 (2.7)

14.6 (2.4)

13.2 (3.5)

14.5 (2.1)

P-value

0.656

0.001

0.081

0.004

Chronic co-morbidities

    

 Yes

13.9 (2.5)

13.3 (2.4)

10.2 (3.2)

12.6 (2.6)

 No

16.2 (2.9)

15.5 (2.4)

13.5 (3.2)

14.6 (1.8)

P-value

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

Social support

    

 Low

13.4 (2.7)

12.1 (2.1)

8.6 (2.7)

11.5 (2.3)

 High/medium

15.1 (2.5)

15.1 (1.9)

12.7 (2.8)

14.3 (2.1)

P-value

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

  1. Independent t-test was used for analysis and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant