Table 1 Generic preference based and non-preference based instruments

EuroQol - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)^a

Mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression [97]

3–5

TTO and VAS

Adult general population samples from a number of countries including Australia, UK, USA, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Thailand and Zimbabwe

Health Utilities Index Mark2 (HUI2)

Sensation, mobility, emotion, cognition, self-care, pain and fertility [98]

3–5

VAS and SG

Canada (age groups 5–37, 12–16, 8–16), USA (18–89), Australia (15+), UK (general population) and Uruguay (8–17 age group)

Health Utilities Index Mark3 (HUI3)

Vision, hearing, speech, ambulation, dexterity, emotion, cognition and pain [98]

5–6

VAS

Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D)

Physical functioning, role limitation, social functioning, pain, mental health and vitality [99]

4–6

SG

Adult general population samples from UK, Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, Brazil

Assessment of Quality of Life instrument (AQOL)^b

Independent living, happiness, mental health, coping, relationships, self-worth, pain and senses [100]

4–6

TTO

Australia (adult general population sample)

Quality of Wellbeing scale (QWB)

Mobility, physical activity and social activity [101]

Multi-level

VAS

USA (adult general population sample)

15-Dimensions (15D)

Health-mobility, vision, hearing, breathing, sleeping, eating, speech, elimination, usual activities, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, depression, distress, vitality and sexual activity [102]

4–5

VAS

Finland (adult general population sample)

Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)^c

Personal cleanliness and comfort, Accommodation cleanliness and comfort, Food and drink, Safety, Social participation and involvement, Occupation, Control over daily life and Dignity [19, 20]

3

BWS and TTO

UK (adult general population sample)

Short Form 36 (SF-36)

8 attributes; physical functioning (10 items), Role - physical (4 items), Bodily pain (2 items), General health (5 items), Vitality (4 items), Social functioning (2 items), Role - emotional (3 items) and Mental health (5 items) [103]

2–6

N/A

N/A

Short Form 12 (SF-12)

Physical functioning (2 items), role limitations (2 items), bodily pain (1 item), general health perceptions (1 item), vitality (1 item), social functioning (1 item), role limitations because of emotional problems (2 items), general mental health or psychological distress and psychological well-being (2 items) [103]

3-6

N/A

N/A

World Health Organisation Quality of Life brief instrument (WHOQoL-Bref)

Physical characteristics, Psychological aspects, Social relationships and Environmental circumstances [104]

6

N/A

N/A

Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)

Health; energy, pain, emotional reactions, sleep, social isolation, and physical mobility and General life; occupation, housework, social life, family life, sexual function, hobbies and holidays [105]

2

N/A

N/A