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Table 2 Average quality of life according to amount of participation in social activities

From: Effects of social activity on health-related quality of life according to age and gender: an observational study

 

Total

Male

Female

 

Mean

Std. dev.

p-value

Mean

Std. dev.

p-value

Mean

Std. dev.

p-value

Social activityb count

 4

96.85

7.52

<.0001

98.09

5.59

<.0001

95.93

8.57

<.0001

 3

96.27

7.77

 

97.55

6.36

 

95.15

8.66

 

 2

95.25

9.35

 

97.09

7.42

 

93.56

10.55

 

 1

93.28

12.08

 

95.30

10.47

 

91.59

13.05

 

 0

89.30

17.77

 

91.25

17.39

 

87.90

17.91

 

Age group

 19–34

98.05

5.48

<.0001

98.52

5.23

<.0001

97.65

5.66

<.0001

 35–49

97.13

7.18

 

97.69

7.08

 

96.62

7.23

 

 50–64

93.76

11.34

 

95.57

10.48

 

92.22

11.80

 

  ≥ 65

83.19

18.78

 

87.48

18.16

 

80.17

18.63

 

Education

 Less than high school

86.95

16.98

<.0001

89.97

16.50

<.0001

85.29

17.02

<.0001

 High school graduate

96.41

8.77

 

96.70

9.24

 

96.12

8.26

 

 College graduate

97.62

6.41

 

97.93

6.51

 

97.26

6.27

 

Perceived health status

 Good

96.55

7.38

<.0001

97.54

6.41

<.0001

95.64

8.06

<.0001

 Bad

79.81

20.05

 

82.33

21.20

 

78.41

19.24

 

Stress awareness

 Yes

89.60

16.75

<.0001

92.64

15.52

<.0001

87.20

17.29

<.0001

 No

94.22

11.46

 

95.80

10.24

 

92.89

12.24

 

Marital status

 Single

97.39

7.94

<.0001

97.54

8.19

<.0001

97.20

7.62

<.0001

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

85.43

17.63

 

91.38

15.19

 

83.76

17.90

 

 Married

93.88

12.15

 

94.77

12.12

 

93.04

12.12

 

Family income (thousands won)

  < 1200

83.87

18.53

<.0001

86.81

19.01

<.0001

82.09

18.00

<.0001

 1200–3000

93.19

12.60

 

94.86

11.42

 

91.74

13.37

 

 3000–4800

96.13

9.02

 

97.38

7.68

 

94.98

9.95

 

  ≥ 4800

96.81

8.09

 

97.89

6.58

 

95.85

9.12

 

Economic activity

 Yes

95.84

8.40

<.0001

96.99

7.21

<.0001

94.38

9.50

<.0001

 No

88.17

17.75

 

87.90

19.89

 

88.27

16.90

 

Depression diagnosis

 Yes

79.80

20.74

<.0001

79.02

23.84

<.0001

80.00

19.83

<.0001

 No

93.34

12.80

 

95.18

11.56

 

91.78

13.56

 

Co-morbiditya count

  ≥ 3

74.98

21.07

<.0001

77.12

23.75

<.0001

74.32

20.11

<.0001

 2

85.06

16.93

 

87.49

18.11

 

83.62

16.02

 

 1

92.07

12.67

 

93.58

12.34

 

90.69

12.80

 

 0

97.36

6.78

 

97.82

6.60

 

96.91

6.91

 

Total

92.99

13.23

<.0001

94.99

11.91

<.0001

91.35

14.02

<.0001

  1. aCo-morbidity included chronic and acute diseases, accidents, or addictions, hypertension diagnosis, diabetes mellitus diagnosis, cerebral infarction diagnosis, cardiac infarction, angina pectoris diagnosis, arthritis diagnosis, osteoporosis diagnosis, tuberculosis diagnosis or asthma diagnosis
  2. bSocial activity included religion, relationship, leisure, or charity
  3. (adjusted by the number of cultural facility, welfare facility, physical facility, GRDP, Hospital in the region)