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Table 4 Effect of objective and subjective social status on health-related quality of life

From: The effect of subjective and objective social class on health-related quality of life: new paradigm using longitudinal analysis

 

Household income

Education

 

Estimate

SE

95 % CI

P-value

Estimate

SE

95 % CI

P-value

Gap between Income and Subjective Social Class

          

  HH

2.495

0.369

1.772

3.218

<.0001

2.776

0.390

2.011

3.540

<.0001

  HM

0.709

0.446

−0.165

1.583

0.112

1.698

0.456

0.805

2.591

0.000

  HL

−1.100

0.472

−2.025

−0.175

0.020

−0.921

0.463

−1.828

−0.014

0.047

  MH

1.676

0.411

0.870

2.482

<.0001

2.773

0.417

1.955

3.590

<.0001

  MM

ref

    

ref

    

  ML

−1.589

0.400

−2.373

−0.804

<.0001

−1.292

0.418

−2.111

−0.473

0.002

  LH

1.886

0.495

0.916

2.856

0.000

0.607

0.521

−0.415

1.629

0.245

  LM

−0.012

0.517

−1.025

1.001

0.982

−0.808

0.540

−1.867

0.251

0.135

  LL

−4.422

0.408

−5.221

−3.623

<.0001

−4.849

0.441

−5.714

−3.984

<.0001

Gender

          

  Male

ref

    

ref

    

  Female

−2.572

0.289

−3.139

−2.005

<.0001

−2.213

0.292

−2.785

−1.640

<.0001

Age

          

   ≤ 29

7.960

0.471

7.037

8.884

<.0001

6.631

0.507

5.638

7.624

<.0001

  30-39

6.692

0.428

5.853

7.531

<.0001

5.416

0.461

4.513

6.319

<.0001

  40-49

6.586

0.419

5.764

7.407

<.0001

5.586

0.440

4.724

6.449

<.0001

  50-59

5.742

0.414

4.932

6.553

<.0001

5.602

0.410

4.799

6.405

<.0001

  60-69

4.284

0.415

3.470

5.098

<.0001

4.310

0.414

3.497

5.122

<.0001

   ≥ 70

1.000

    

1.000

    

Residential region

          

  Urban

ref

    

ref

    

  Rural

−0.565

0.190

−0.937

−0.193

0.003

−0.536

0.190

−0.908

−0.164

0.005

Marital status

          

  Married

ref

    

ref

    

  Single

−0.016

0.256

−0.519

0.486

0.949

−0.036

0.256

−0.538

0.467

0.890

Economic activity status

          

  Yes

ref

    

ref

    

  No

−0.556

0.216

−0.979

−0.133

0.010

−0.899

0.214

−1.319

−0.480

<.0001

Depressive symptom

          

  Yes

−9.607

0.329

−10.252

−8.963

<.0001

−9.651

0.328

−10.295

−9.007

<.0001

  No

ref

    

ref

    

Alcohol consumption

          

  Never

1.000

    

1.000

    

  1 times per month

0.311

0.270

−0.218

0.839

0.249

0.344

0.270

−0.185

0.872

0.202

  2-3 times per week

0.552

0.341

−0.116

1.219

0.105

0.630

0.340

−0.036

1.297

0.064

   ≥ 1 times per week

0.018

0.304

−0.577

0.613

0.953

0.122

0.303

−0.472

0.717

0.687

Smoking status

          

  Never smoker

ref

    

ref

    

  Former smoker

0.465

0.356

−0.234

1.163

0.193

0.329

0.357

−0.370

1.028

0.356

  Current smoker

−1.547

0.321

−2.175

−0.918

<.0001

−1.562

0.321

−2.190

−0.933

<.0001

Exercise

          

  Never

ref

    

ref

    

  1-2 times per week

1.691

0.289

1.125

2.257

<.0001

1.605

0.290

1.038

2.172

<.0001

  3-4 times per week

2.497

0.298

1.913

3.081

<.0001

2.444

0.298

1.861

3.028

<.0001

  5-6 times per week

2.839

0.318

2.216

3.462

<.0001

2.889

0.318

2.266

3.511

<.0001

  Everyday

1.700

0.395

0.927

2.474

<.0001

1.758

0.395

0.985

2.532

<.0001

Chronic disease

          

  Yes

−3.304

0.220

−3.736

−2.873

<.0001

−3.235

0.221

−3.668

−2.803

<.0001

  No

ref

    

ref

    

Year

          

  2009

1.657

0.190

1.285

2.029

<.0001

1.607

0.189

1.237

1.977

<.0001

  2011

ref

    

ref

    
  1. HH High–High, HM High–Medium, HL High–Low, MH Medium–High, MM Medium–Medium, ML Medium–Low, LH Low–High, LM Low–Medium, LL Low–Low